rich/a Z,r I ur% T LOKA JVksTE/z/v 7VoRT/t Amsx/ca ~r .B6& Co/VTB/VTS K^Cnr^u^ QlVoImim^ J+UnA- . 8-3^38^ 71. ^Mrrt^£. & 1. Eubrazoria. Calycis lobi latissimi, truncati, subsequa- les, mucronato-denticulati : corolla majuscula tubo prope basin piloso-annulato ; fauce infra labium inferiorem intrusa quodam- modo palatum efficiente ; lobis omnibus eroso-crenulatis, iisdem labii inferioris sequalibus, apice bilobis : achenia triangulata, pubera. 286. Brazoria truncata = Physostegia truncata, Benth. Lab. p. 505 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3494. — Sandy soil on de- serted ant-hills, &c, in the prairies along the Brazos : May — June. It was first collected by Drummond (No. 274 of the Third Collection) ; and has since been gathered on the Colo- rado by Dr. Wright. Stem pubescent, scarcely a foot high. Spike dense. Calyx hairy at the base, especially after flower- ing. Flowers nearly as large as in Physostegia Virginiana : the tube of the corolla spotted with purple. The lobes of the lower lip of the calyx are usually merely mucronulate in the middle ; those of the upper are erose-denticulate with mucro- nulate teeth. In fruit the achenia are contained in a gibbous cavity belonging to the upper side of the calyx : this is closed by the inflexion of the lower lip, which is appressed to the face of the upper, or partly wrapped around it ; so that the fructiferous calyx is flat on the lower side, and very gibbous at the base of the upper side. §> 2. Stachyastrum. Calycis sub-7-nervis labium superius latum, lobis rotundatis ; inferius angustum, lobis triangu- lari-lanceolatis, omnibus cuspidato-mucronatis : corolla exan- nulata, parvula ; lobo medio labii inferioris ceeteris majore, PlantfE Lindheimeriana. 257 retuso, marginibus in omnibus fere integerrimis : achenia sub- globosa, laevia. 287. B. scutellarioides, n. sp. — In heavy black soil on the prairies near Cat Spring, west of the Brazos : April, May. The plant was also collected by Drummond, and specimens were distributed, under No. 274, of the Third Collection, mixed with B. truncata, which it greatly resembles in habit and foliage. The stem is glabrous, however, though the in- florescence, as well as the calyx, is minutely pubescent. The flowers are scarcely half the size of the preceding : the calyx is more deeply bilabiate, and the lobes, except the middle one of the upper lip, pointed with a rather conspicuous cusp : in fruit the upper lobes are somewhat curved backwards, while the narrow lower lip is incurved, so as nearly to close the ori- fice. Corolla flesh-color : anthers purplish. 288. Physostegia intermedia = Dracocephalum interme- dium, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. I. c. Wet prairies west of San Felipe, growing in patches, — a smaller plant than P. Virginiana, with a much more slender spike. The cauline leaves, especially the upper ones, are broadest and cordate at the base, and serrate throughout. Our plant accords with No. 275 of Drummond's Third Texan Collection. No. 274 is a form with acute and more entire leaves, more nearly that described by Nuttall. It is difficult to distinguish the species sufficiently from some forms of P. Virginiana. 289. Verbena bipinnatifida = Glandularia bipinnatifida, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. I. c. Rich prairies, &c. March, April. A plant with more prostrate and radicant sterile stems, more dissected leaves, denser spikes, smaller flowers, shorter calyx, and also more hirsute than V. Aubletia. 290. Dipteracanthus (^ Meiophanes, corolla parva cadu- ca, limbo vix expansa) micranthus (n. sp.) : subglaber, caule crecto ramoso ; foliis lanceolato-oblongis subintegerrimis utrin- que acutis in petiolum brevem attenuatis, junioribus ciliatis ; cymulis paucifloris subsessilibus axillaribus bracteis ovalibus brevioribus ; calycis laciniis subulato-lanceolatis piloso-ciliatis corollam inconspicuam capsulamque 8-spermam scquantibus. 258 Engelmann and Gray, — Low woods between the Brazos and the Colorado : June — Sept. Also collected by Drummond (Coll. II. No. 202.) (In similar situations, near St. Louis, Engelmann, and Ala- bama, Buckley.) — Plant 1 to 3 feet high, with much the aspect of D. strepens in fruit, except that the leaves are nar- rower (the lower cauline barely ovate-oblong,) or of D. hybri- dus (but nearly glabrous,) but remarkable for its quite inconspicuous flowers. Corolla only about four lines long, whitish, the limb perhaps very rarely expanding, 5-toothed. Filaments conspicuously connate by pairs at the base in a ligula : anthers muticous. Style somewhat hairy : one of the lobes of the stigma abortive, the remaining one subulate. Capsule and seeds as in D. strepens, &C. 1 291. Dianthera Americana, Linn. Creeks of the Colo- rado ; July — Aug. — Seeds destitute of the mucilaginous coating, and appressed hairs of Dipteracanthus, &c. 1 There are two other well-marked new species of Dipteracanthus (Ruellia) in Drummond's Texan Collection, viz. D. Dkummondii (Torr. <$• Gr. MSS.) : cinereo-pubescens et pilis mollibus hir- suta ; caulihus e basi ramosis adscendentibus ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusiusculis saepe repandis arete sessilibus ; floribus in axillis subsolitariis breviter pedunculatis vel subsessilibus ; bracteis lanceolatis ; calycis laciniis filiformibus hirtis tubo corol- las infundibuliformis multum brevioribus capsulam clavato-ovoideam 4-spermam ex- cedentibus. — Stems 6 to 20 inches high. Leaves li-2 inches long, somewhat erect, about the length of the internodes, or the upper more approximate usually very obtuse at the base. Corolla 2\ inches long, the slender tube finely infundibuliform at the summit. Anthers muticous. — Var. a. Tex. Drum. Coll. II. No. 220, and III. No. 258. /?. Very hirsute and more branched. Coll. II. No. 219. D. (Calophanes) linearis {Torr. $• Gr. MSS.) : humilis, subpubescens ; cau- libus e basi lignosa ramosissiniis diffusis ; foliis lineari-oblanceolatis integriusculis obtusis basi attenuatis subsessilibus ; floribus solitariis geminisve in axillis subses- silibus ; bracteis foliis conformibus calycem subsequautibus ; calycis laciniis hirtis subulato-setaceis tubum corolla paulo exeedentibus capsulam oblongam tetragonam demum quadrivalvem 2-4-spermam superantibus. — Texas, Drummond's Coll. II. No. 178. Also near Columbus, Dr. Wright. Stems or branches a span long. Leaves an inch in length. Corolla about as large as in D. {Calophanes) bijlora or oblongifolia ; the tube short, and the limb somewhat bilabiate. The sepals, as in the above-mentioned species, united below into a short tube. Anthers subsagittate, the cells distinctly cuspidate at the base. Stigma single. Capsule somewhat fusi- form ; the valves each separating into two through the complete dissepiment. The hairs of the seed are very slender, and marked with extremely delicate rings. — We have not the fruit of the allied D. bijlora (Ruellia oblongifolia, Michx.) Perhaps the genus Calophanes might be kept apart from Dipteracanthus, if, indeed, either be sufficiently distinct from Ruellia proper. A. Gr. Plantce Lindheimeriance. 259 292. Utricularia personata, Le Conte, DC. Not suffi- ciently distinguishable from U. cornuta. — Wet soil. April. 293. Oxybaphus pilosa ? == Alliona ovata, Pursh. Caly- menia pilosa, Nutt. — Both bad names, as the stem and leaves are sometimes nearly glabrous, and the leaves are mostly oblong-lanceolate. Prairies west of the Brazos. July, August. Leaves on very short petioles. Involucre 2-flowered. Stamens 4-5, exserted. (Also collected in Texas, by Dr. Wright.) 294. Boerhavia diffusa, Tlilld. Roadsides and prairies ; a common weed. September — October. 295. Rivina portulaccoides, Nutt. in Trans, Amer. Phil. Soc. I. c. Woods and prairies, near Industry. June — Oc- tober. — A perennial herb, with a ligneous rhizoma. 296. Polygonum cristatum (n. sp.) : caule herbaceo volu- bili angulato-striato ; foliis e basi subcordata vel truncata triangularibus acuminatis margine scabris ; floribus in axillis foliorum glomeratis seu in spicas foliaceas laxe dispositis ; floribus octandris ; stigmatibus 3 sessilibus ; laciniis perigonii fructiferis tria exterioribus cristato-alatis, alis crenato-incisis ; nucibus parvis trigonis nitidis. — Margin of woods, &c. near Industry. July. Near Polygonum scandens and P. dume- torum, from which it is distinguished by its less cordate and more triangular leaves, and the crenately incised wings of the three outer sepals, in fruit ; and also by the smaller nuts, which are just one line in length. In P. scandens the nuts are more than a line and a half, in P. dumetorum fully two lines long. In the latter the broad wings are undulate and entire. In P. scandens they are somewhat crenate, but often one or all three are wanting. In P. Convolvulus the wings are wanting, and the nuts are opaque. 297. Erigonum multiflorum, Benth. Sandy prairies, near Industry. July — October. — The stamens in the fertile flowers are very woolly towards the base. 298. Aristolochia longiflora (n. sp.~) : radice filiformi elongata ; caule humili adscendente ramoso ; foliis longe linearibus utrinque acutissimis subsessilibus glabris ; floribus axillaribus pedunculatis basi unibracteatis extus pubescentibus, 260 Engelmann and Gray, limbo e basi-cordata valde producto lineari acuminato tubo angusto multo longiore. — Shady, grassy places near Mill creek. April — July. A remarkable species, with a very long and simple aromatic root, and several weak, decumbent stems branching from the base, about a span high. Leaves three to five inches long, and one to three lines wide ; the attenuated limb of the perigonium as long as the leaves. Capsule glabrous. 299. A. reticulata, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (N. Ser.) V. p. 162. Thickets west of the Brazos. May — June. — Root similar in sensible properties to that of A. ser- pentaria, but of coarser fibres ; and also used medicinally as a snake-root. 300. Euphorbia herniarioides, Nutt. 1. c. p. 171. Clayey soil, near Industry. July — September. Also in Mississippi, Missouri, &c. The smallest of our procumbent Euphorbiae ; the leaves from a line and a half to two or three lines long, obliquely obtuse or subcordate at the base. Glands of the involucre narrowly petaloid-margined. Cocci smooth and somewhat carinate. Seeds grey marked with reddish, obo- vate-oblong, obtusely angled, smooth. 301. E. arenaria (Nutt. 1. c.) : annua, erecto-patula, gla- bra ; foliis oppositis distantibus linearibus integerrimis obtusis mucronatis basi subobliqua acutis breviter petiolatis ; stipulis e basi lata subulatis distinctis subintegris ; pedicellis petiolos longe superantibus solitariis ; appendicibus involucri petaloi- deis plerumque 4-ovatis subacutis insequalibus ; seminibus obovato-subglobosis loevibus e rubello cinereis. — Sandy places, especially about fresh ant-hills, near Industry ; also on sand- stone rocks. June — August. Forming large bushy masses, often six feet in circumference, and two feet or more in height. Its slender habit, long and narrow leaves, and conspicuous white flowers, give it somewhat the appearance of a large Galium. 1 1 A remaining species of the stipulate division of this genus is E. Geyeri, (Engcl. MSS.) : depressa, humilis ; foliis oblongis retusis integer- rimis glaberrimis ; stipulis setaceo-multifidis ; involucri appendicibus petaloideis; seminibus minoribus quam in E. polygonifolia cinereis. — Beardstown, Illinois, and Upper Missouri, Geyer. Near E. polygonifolia. Planta Lindheimeriance. 261 302. E. Arkansana (n. sp.) : annua, gracilis, glaberrima ; caule erecto ramoso ; foliis sparsis spathulato-obovatis apicem versus serrulatis mucronato-acutis sessilibus, inferioribus in petiolum angustatis ; umbellis trichotomis bis dichotomis ; bracteis rotundatis subcordato-ovatis mucronatis serrulatis ; glandulis involucri (aurantiacis,) orbiculatis;capsulis verrucosis; seminibus (brunneis) reticulatis. — Prairies, from Houston to the Colorado. April — July. Also, Fort Gibson, Arkansas, Engelmann, and Western Louisiana, Dr. Hale. — Plant 8 to 12 inches high, with much the appearance of E. peploides, Nutt. ; which abundantly differs in its entire and retuse leaves, entire and more cordate bracts, smooth capsules and smooth seeds. The seeds and serrulate leaves in our plant are more like E. Helioscopia on a small scale, but, besides that ours is much more slender and smaller in all its parts ; the broadly-ovate acute bracts are very different. 303. E. marginata, /3 ULOLEUCA : bracteis oblongis ovali- lanceolatisve acutis, marginibus latissime albidis saepe pi. m. crispis ; ramulis villosis. — Bottom lands of the Colorado. August. — Seeds tuberculate-rugose, as in the ordinary forms of E. marginata. 304. PlLINOPHYTUM CAPITATUM, KlotZSCh, (cf. No. 171.) Low prairies, on the Colorado. September, October. 305. Hendecandra Texensis, Klotzsch in Erichs. Archiv, (1841) I. p. 252. Croton muricatum, Nutt. in Mem. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1. c. p. 173. Prairies on the Colorado, the sterile and fertile plants generally intermixed, and covering large patches of ground. An annual plant, about three feet high. Leaves often lanceolate-oblong, and half an inch wide ; those of the fertile plant greener above than in the sterile, as de- scribed by Nuttall, but often wider rather than narrower. Stigmas 20-24. The hypogynous disk orbicular. — Klotzsch wrongly describes the stem as suffruticose, and has not noticed the flocciferous soft tuberculi of the capsule, which are as evi- dent in our Drummondian specimens as in those of Lindhei- mer. The H. multiflora, Torr. in Fremont's Rejwrt, 1843, is the same species. 262 Engelmann and Gray, 306. Aphora (vide No. 175, supra) humilis (n. sp.) : strigoso-pilosa ; caulibus basi ramosissimis adscendentibus dif- fasis ; foliis oblongis ovato-lanceolatisve obtusis basi attenuatis brevissime petiolatis superne demum glabratis ; capitulis axil- laribus folio multum brevioribus paucifloris ; petalis in fl. masc. calycem paulo superantibus lanceolatis, in fl. foemineo subulatis glandulis disci brevioribus. — In hard clayey soil, west of the Brazos. March — August. (Also, Texas, Drummond, Col- lection Second, No. 230, and Dr. Wright.) Plant 6 to 8 inches high ; the base of the stem ligneous. Leaves an inch or an inch and a half long. The clusters contain one fertile and about four staminate flowers. The fruit and seeds not half the size of those of the two other Texan species ; the latter globose and rugose, as in the other species, at first curiously striate-reticulated, but when old more even. 307. Tragia brevispica (n. sp.) : multicaulis, ramosa, de- cumbens; ramis apice flexuosis vel subvolubilibus ; foliis e basi cordata truncatave triangulari-lanceolatis (superioribus fere linearibus) irregulariter acute dentatis parce pilosis petio- latis ; spicis folio oppositis multo brevioribus ; flore foemineo ad basin unico, masculis paucis ; capsulis hispidulis. — Black, clayey soil, in the prairies west of the Brazos. May — July. Differs from T. urticoefolia (perhaps not specifically) in the procumbent stems, which often form diffuse tufts two or three feet in diameter, and the smaller and narrower leaves, as well as the short spikes and smaller flowers and fruit ; the latter is less hispid. 308. Forestiera acuminata, Poir. Banks of the Brazos, near San Felipe. March. It extends as far north as on the Wabash, in Illinois. 1 309. Querctjs cinerea, Michx. Sandy, hilly soil ; form- ing groves in the prairies west of the Brazos, along with 1 Ulmus crassifolia, Nult. was sparingly collected by Lindheimer ; the tree was in flower, for the second time, in September. The perigonium is divided to the base into eight linear segments; and the ovary and fruit are villous. Plantm Lindheimeriance. 263 Q. obtusiloba ; flowering in February. A small tree, crooked, and much branched ; the earliest flowering species in Texas. 310. PoTAMOGETON DIVERSIFOLIUS, /3. SPICATUS, Ellgel. in Sill. Jour. 46, p. 102. Clear rivulets, in prairies, west of San Felipe. April. Leaves 5-7-13-nerved. 311. P. natans, Linn., Var. ? foliis infimis elongato-lan- ceolatis utrinque acutissimis pellucidis breviter petiolatis, se- quentibus longius petiolatis sensim magis oblongis et coriaceis, summis natantibus oblongis ellipticisve ; fructibus lenticulari- compressis margine acutiusculis. — In clear water and pools, west of the Brazos. June. Intermediate in its characters between P. natans and P. fluitans ; and in the absence of the upper leaves, very difficult to distinguish from P. lucens. 312. Xyris torta, Smith, Kunth, Enum. 4, p. IV. (ex char.) Springy places. May. Also, in Drummond's Texan Collection. 313. Sysirinchium minus (n. sp.) : pumilum ; caule an- cipiti ramoso folioso ; spatha paulo insequali flores sequante vel subexcedente ; perigonii segmentis (cceruleis) ovatis exte- rioribus setaceo-mucronatis ; capsulis obovati-ovalibus glabris. — Margin of pools, &c. in the prairie west of San Felipe. April. Distinguished from the other North American species, by the smaller size of the whole plant (3-6 inches high,) the much branched stem, the ovate, not obcordate or emarginate, lobes of the perigonium, and the form of the capsule. Spathe not mucronate, about 4-flowered. Seeds numerous and very small, impressed-dotted, black. 314. Habranthus Texanus, Herb. Low prairies of the Colorado, in black, clayey soil ; flowering in September. Pe- rigonium reddish-orange outside, yellow within. 315. Eleocharis acicularis, R. Br. var. Ponds and pools on Mill Creek. March. 316. Tripsacum cylindricum, Michx. Prairies. Apri', May. 317. Andropogon macrourus, Michx. September. 318. Chara polypiiylla, Michx., A. Braun. On the 264 Engelmann and Gray, Plantce Lindheimeriana. clayey bottom of clear rivulets, in the prairies between the Brazos and Colorado. July, and the whole year round. 1 * m * No. 151. Monarda Lindheimeri of this enumeration must be the same as M. scabra, Beck, in Sill. Jour. X. p. 260, which name should therefore be adopted. 1 In addition to the enumeration of the North American Chara, published in Silliman's Journal, Vol. XLVI. p. 92, (January, 1844,) we record the following notices, communicated by Professor Braun : Mr. Lindheimer has sent from Texas specimens of Chara fiexilis, Linn. ? (incom- plete specimen,) and of Ch. lenuissima, Desv. This last, as well as the specimens from Massachusetts, may be distinguished as var. Americana ; the whorls are less densely glomerate, but more approximate than in the European form. Chara polyphylla, A. Br., is a very polymorphous plant, occurring in many differ- ent forms in America, Asia, and the Sandwich Islands. Professor Braun distin- guishes seven subspecies. a. Ch. polyphylla Michauxii (Ch. polyphylla, A. Br. in Regensb. Bot. Zeit. 1835, p. 70; Ch. Michauxii, A. Br. in Sillim. Journ. 1. c. No. 11 ; Ch. capillata, Michaux in herb. Jussieu ; Ch. hailensis, Turpin, Diet. sc. nat. Atlas.) Ohio, (Michaux, Dr. Frank) ; Missouri, (Dr. Engelmann) ; Texas, (Mr. Lindheimer) ; Hayti, (Turpin, 1796.) This is the stoutest, and also the most northern of all species and subspecies of the remarkable group of Gymnopodce, A. Br. There are five species now known, belonging to this group; and of these Ch. polyphylla is the most polymorphous, and widest spread species. — The Gymnopodae are distin- guished by having the lowest (often very short) joint of the otherwise coated leaves (commonly called verticillated branchlets) naked, or destitute of the coating. b. Ch. polyphylla guadeloupcnsis, (Ch. indica, Bert.) Guadeloupe, Bertero. More slender, with smaller, more elongated seed vessels (sporangia) and still shorter bracts. c. Ch. polyphylla ceylanica, (Ch. zeylanica, Klein in Willd.) Ceylon, Pondi- cherry, Madras, etc. d. Ch. polyphylla javanica. e. Ch. polyphylla Muhlenbcrgii, (Ch. foliosa, Muhlenb. in Willd. ; Sillim. Journ. 1. c, p. 93, No. 10.) Pennsylvania, Muhlenberg. Very near subspecies C. ceylan- ica, and distinguished from a. Michauxii, by the bracts being much longer than the sporangia, while they are shorter in Michauxii. f. Ch. polyphylla Humboldtiana, (Ch. compressa, H. B. K.) New Andalusia, Humboldt. A variety with some of the upper joints of the leaves destitute of the coating. g. Ch. polyphylla armata, (Ch. armata, Meyen, Rcisebesch.) Sandwich Islands Meyen. Distinguished by the stronger spines, and also mostly naked upper joints and smaller seed vessels. A second species, distinct from Ch. polyphylla, but also belonging to Gymnopodce, has been collected by Dr. Engelmann, in lakes in the bottom lands of the Missis- sippi, near Saint Louis ; it is called by Professor Braun Ch. sejuncta, a more slender and greener plant than the last, but principally dis- tinguished by the seed vessels (sporangia) and globules (often called anthers) being always found on different joints of the leaves (or branchlets,) never as in most other species, together on the same joint. — Martius has collected the same species in Brazil ; the North American form is larger, and more slender, aud has bracts shorter than the seeds; and may therefore be called var. brcvibradcata, and the Brazilian variety, longibractcala. B OS TON JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY. VOLUME VI. — NO. II. Art. I. — Plants Lindheimeriante, Part IT. An Account of a Collection of Plants made by F. Lindheimer in the Western part of Texas, in the Years 1845 — 6, and 1847 — 8, with Critical Remarks, Descriptions of new Species, fyc. By Asa Gray, M. D. [The numbers follow on from the end of the former collection, as published in Vol. V. of this Journal, through the collection of 1S45-6, and thence to the later collection. Those inclosed in ( ) belong to the collection of 1S47 -8; for greater convenience in describing them, they are here intercalated. The few numbers in brackets below 319 belong to species which occurred in the former distribution. Those marked with a t in place of a number have not been distributed at all. The orders elaborated by Dr. Engelmann have his name affixed to that of the Order.] RANUNCULACEjE. 319. Clematis Drummondii, Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 1. p. 9. Dry prairies, Comale Spring, &x. June. Cultivated in the Cambridge Botanic Garden, from Texan seeds, this plant climbs extensively, but does not show its blossoms until Octo- ber. The calyx is yellowish green, tinged with purple. 320. Ranunculus repens, Linn. var. macranthus : pe- talis 7 — 16; caulibus petiolisque villosissimis. R. macran- thus, Scheele in Linncca, 21, p. 585. Sparsely on high, rocky plains, and in patches on damp Muskit (Algarobia) flats, New Braunfels. March. — Mr. Wright has specimens JOURNAL B. S. N. H. 19 JAN. 1850. 142 Plantce Lindheimeriance. of the same plant, with the leaves also densely silky-vil- lous, nearly as much so as in R. canus, Benth. PL Hartw. No. 1626, from California ; indeed, it would seem to belong to the same species ; but the carpels are, as in our R. repens, pointed with a pretty long, straight, or flexuous beak, slen- derly subulate from a broad base, and not " mucrone valde recurvo fere circinnato," as R. canus is characterized. My specimen of the latter exhibits no fruit. The petals are in some specimens nearly an inch in length ; in others no larger than in ordinary American forms of R. repens, into which it passes by every kind of gradation. f Delphinium virescens, Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 14 ; Torr. fy Gr. Fl. 1. p. 32; floribus albis. Rocky prairies and hills, Comale Spring. April. The species is very likely to be considered as only a broader-leaved variety of D. azureum. 321. D. virescens, Nutt., var. floribus subcasruleis. Dry and rocky prairies, and margins of thickets, New Braunfels. April. BERBERIDACEJE. 322. Berberis (Trilicina, Gray,) trifoliolata, Mori- cand,Pl. Nouv. Amer. p. 113, t. 69. B. ilicifolia, Scheele in Linncea,2l, p. 591, non Forst. B. Roemeriana, Scheele, I. c. 22, p. 352. High shore of Matagorda Bay. Also common in the interior of Texas, on Comale Creek, at New Braunfels, &.c. (575.) An evergreen shrub, with few branches, but with many stems from the same base, often forming large thickets. It flowers in February and March ; and the yellow blossoms exhale the odor of saffron. The globose berries, about the size of peas, ripen in May, are red, aromatic, and acid ; they are called " currants " by the inhabitants, and are used for tarts, &c. This interesting species, which is remarkable for its palmately trifoliolate leaves, is first men- tioned in the Appendix to the first volume of the Flora of N. America, as having been gathered by Drummond with- out flower or fruit. In 1841, it was named and characterized Planta Lindheimeriarue. 143 by Moricand, from flowering specimens which occurred in Berlandier's Texan Collection. We have now fine specimens both in flower and fruit from Mr. Lindheimer's, Mr. Wright's, and from Dr. Gregg's collections ; the latter met with it as far south as Buena Vista. I have characterized it as a third section of Berberis, in the Genera Am. Bor.-Gr. lllustrata, 1. p. 80. CRTJCIFER/E. 323. Streptanthus petiolaris, Gray, PL Fendl. p. 7. Muskit thickets and shady woods, New Braunfels and San Antonio. March. — All the lower leaves, as well as the base of the stem, are more hairy in my specimen than in those cultivated in the Cambridge Botanic Garden, from seeds taken from Mr. Wright's plant ; and the radical leaves are barely lyrate-pinnatifid, and rounded at the summit. From seeds sown in early spring, it flowers and fruits during the summer and autumn. f S. bracteatus (Gray, Gen. Am. Bor.-Or. 111. 1. p. 146, t. 60. fig. 1-3.): glaberrimus, subglaucus ; foliis caulinis auriculato-amplexicaulibus, inferioribus oblongis acutis ssepe repando-dentatis, superioribus cordatis sinu profundo clauso in bracteas cordatas (inferiores florem, summas pedicellum subaequantes) sensim decrescentibus ; petalis obovatis purpu- reis ; siliquis angustis praelongis (5^-6 unc.) patentibus sub- falcatis. — At New Braunfels. June. Also gathered by Mr. Wright on sand bars of the Colorado, near Austin, in flower only, in the month of April. The radical leaves are sometimes entire or barely repand-toothed, sometimes incised or even lyrately pinnatisect, with most of the lower segments minute. One of Mr. Wright's specimens is remarkable for having all the lower cauline leaves pinnately parted in this way, and petioled. The sepals are tinged with deep purple ; the petals are light purple, with the broad spreading lamina half an inch in length. No ripe pods were gathered. The largest seen are about six inches long, but less than a line wide ; the immature seeds are winged. I have no specimens 144 PlantcE Lindheimeriance. of S. obtusifolius nor of S. maculatus, with which last espe- cially our plant should be critically compared. But Dr. Tor- rey informs me that these species want the bracts, so uncom- mon in CrucifercE, and which so conspicuously distinguish S. bracteatus. 324. Erysimum Arkansanum, Nutt. in Torr. fy Gr. Fl. 1. p. 94; Gray, Gen. 111. 1. t. 63. Wooded, rocky banks, &c, Comale Spring, and on the Guadaloupe. March, April. — A showy species, with large, deep, golden yellow, and faintly fragrant flowers. It was found on the Rio Grande by Mr. Wright. 325. Vesicaria Engelmanii (Gray, Gen. Am. Bor.-Or. 111. 1. p. 162, t. 70) : perennis, pube lepidoto-stellata argentata; caulibus e caudice sublignoso plurimis simplicibus erectis su- perne parce foliatis ; foliis inferioribus spathulatis seu oblance- olatis rariter repando vel sinuato-dentatis in petiolum attenu- atis, superioribus sublinearibus integerrimis ; racemo etiam fructifero brevi saspius corymbiformi ; silicula globosa glaber- rima breviter stipitata 5-12-sperma (loculis 8-ovulatis) stylo pergracili breviora ; seminibus submarginatis ; funiculis septo longe adnatis. — Pebbly shore of the Guadaloupe, New Braunfels. May. Chiefly with mature fruit. (The same species, apparently, with elliptical and entire radical leaves, was found on the Upper Canadian, by Mr. Gordon.) From Lindheimer's seeds, this handsome and very distinct perennial species is in cultivation in the Cambridge Botanic Garden. It makes a strong, deep root. The clustered, simple stems rise to the height of a span or a foot, are clothed, like the foliage, with a silvery pubescence composed of dense and closely appressed stellar tufts, and are terminated by a short and dense, usually umbelliform, raceme of golden yellow flow- ers, which are fully as large as those of V. grandiflora, the petals being half an inch long. Lower leaves two to three inches in length. The style is one third of an inch in length. I should have adopted Dr. Engelmann's or Lindheimer's name of V. umbellata, under which the specimens were sent, Planice Lindheimeriance. 145 and which is not inappropriate to this form, where the pedicels are as long as the axis of the fruiting raceme, except that, in the cultivated and some wild specimens, the raceme elongates in fruit to the length of three or four inches, as in the sue ceeding. (576.) V. Engelmannii, var. p. elatior: racemo fructi fero extenso (3 - 4-pollicari). V. pulchella, Kunth &f Bouche, in Ann. Sci. Nat. 3-ieme Ser. 2, p. 229 (Apr. 1849,) ex char. 326. V. angustifolia, Nutt. in Torr. fy Gr. Fl. 1. p. 101. Summit of hills, in large patches, on stony soil, New Braun- fels. March, in flower. Accords entirely with the original specimens. What Scheele has taken for this species is evi- dently V. recurvata, at least in part. 327. V. Lindheimeri (sp. nov.) : radice crassa perenni ; caulibus decumbentibus foliosis cinereis ; foliis oblongis ar- gute sinuato- vel laciniato-dentatis imis lyrato-pinnatifidis pube implexa appressissima (e pagina superiore sero subdecidua) argenteo-incanis ; racemo fructifero elongato ; silicula ovoideo- globosa glaberrima stipite plus duplo stylo subduplo longiore ; seminibus immarginatis. — Black, stiff prairie soil on the lower Guadaloupe, east of Victoria. February, in flower and fruit. — This appears to be a truly perennial species, and is remark- able for its strongly toothed leaves, as well as for the matted, extremely fine and close-pressed, silvery pubescence which clothes them. The upper surface of the older leaves, how- ever, is merely cinereous with minute and rather sparse stellar down. Petals apparently light yellow, three or four lines long. 328. V. bensiflora (sp. nov.) : annua v. biennis, pube stellata laxa cinerea ; caulibus adscendentibus usque ad flores foliosis ; foliis oblongo-spathulatis vel oblanceolatis basi atten- uatis saepius repando-denticulatis, radicalibus integris; race- mo etiam fructifero denso multifloro, pedicellis erectiusculis ; silicula estipitata subdepresso-globosa glaberrima stylo bre- viore 10-16-sperma (loculis 8-ovulatis) ; seminibus im- 146 Planta Lindheimeriana. marginatis; funiculis septo longe adnatis. — Prairies near Victoria, on the lower Guaclaloupe ; February, in flower. Gravelly banks of streams, Fredericksburg; May, in fruit (577.) (Also, near Austin, Mr. Charles Wright.') — Stems numerous from the same root, rather stout, spreading or ascending, 5 to 10 inches long, leafy to the top. Leaves equally cinereous both sides, as well as the stem and pedicels, with a rather loose stellar pubescence ; the cauline an inch or less in length ; even the radical undivided and barely re- pand or repand-denticulate. Flowers bright yellow, smaller by about one third than those of V. grandiflora. The remark- ably dense raceme becomes in fruit from two to four inches long, often ripening as many as fifty silicles ; the lower pedi- cels usually subtended by leaves. Silicles two lines in diame- ter, slightly didymous as well as depressed, not strictly sessile on the receptacle as in V. grandiflora, but raised on a barely appreciable stipe. Style fully two lines long. Seeds small, not at all margined. — This well-marked species appears to be common in Texas, especially throughout the Western dis- tricts. But I do not find that it has yet been described. f V. grandiflora, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3464. var. p pinna- tifida: foliis radicalibus majoribus interrupte pinnatipartitis segmentis dentatis lobatisve, caulinis ssepe subpinnatifidis. — Prairies east of Victoria ; February, in flower. The same form was gathered by Mr. Wright. — V. grandiflora is well distinguished from all the other species (of which a goodly number are now known in North America) by the unusually short style, the narrowly winged seeds, and the large flowers and pods. 329. V. argyrjea (sp. uov.) : perennis, pube lepidoto- stellata undique argentea ; caulibus diffusis v. procumbentibus foliosis ; foliis omnibus spathulatis integerrimis vel repando- dentatis ; racemo laxifloro, fructifero elongato ; pedicellis ssepi- us patentibus apice sursum curvatis ; silicula globosa estipitata glaberrima stylo aequilonga oligosperma (loculis 16-18-ovu- latis) ; seminibus immarginatis. — V. arctica var. ? Gray, PI. Planta Lindheimerianee. 147 Fendl. p. 9. — Sandy banks of Green Lake, near Matagorda Bay, and prairies near Victoria ; February, in flower and half- grown fruit. Also gathered by Mr. Wright on the Rio Grande, Texas ; by Dr. Gregg at Buena Vista, and Dr. Edwards at Monterey, Northern Mexico ; and by Fendler at Santa Fe, in flower only. The species assumes a variety of forms, according as it flowers early near the root, or from long procumbent stems. In the first case the pedicels are more upright ; in the latter they are spreading and upwardly curved, as mentioned in the specific character. They are sometimes subtended by leaves ; and the racemes in Dr. Gregg's speci- mens are occasionally proliferous. The bright yellow flowers are about half an inch in diameter. The plant is silvery with crowded, but distinct, appressed, scurfy Stellas. 330. V. recurvata (Engelm. ined.) : tenella, pube minuta lepidoto-stellata cinerascens ; caulibus e radice annua pluri- mis gracilibus diffusis vel procumbentibus ramosis; foliis spathulatis integerrimis aut radicalibus repandis lyratisve, su- premis sublineari-oblongis ; racemis elongatis sparsifloris ; pe- dicellis soepe secundis, fructiferis recurvis; silicula vix aut ne vix stipitata globosa glabra oligosperma parva stylo tenui bre- viore vel subaequali ; seminibus immarginatis. — V. angusti- folia, Scheele, in Linnaa, 21, p. 584, non Nutt. — Dry and stony or light soil, growing sparsely in the grass, San Antonio and New Braunfels. March, in flower; April and May, in fruit. Also around Austin, Mr. Charles Wright. — The most slender species ; with diffusely spreading stems, from four to eight inches long, and short, spathulate or oblong-spathulate leaves. The flowers are not larger than those of V. gracilis, which it most resembles, and from which it is at once distin- guished by its nearly or quite estipitate silicles, pendulous on the recurved pedicels. The pods are a line, or little more, in diameter. 331. V. gracilis, Hook, Bot. Mag. t. 3533. Muskit Flats, in wet or low, grassy places, New Braunfels. April, May. — Stems upright or nearly so, slender, from 8 to 16 148 Plantce Lindheimeriance. inches long. The pods, in the stronger specimens, are twice as large as in Hooker's figure and description. 1 (216.*) Draba PLATrcARPA, Torr. fy Gr. Fl. 1. p. 108. This is not the same as No. 216 (D. cuneifolia) of the former 1 VESICARTyE Boreali-Americante Synoptice Dispositae. Sect. I. Vesicaeiana, DC. Silicula globosa, raro piriformis, valvis membranaceis inflatis. § 1. Annum seu blennes. * Seminibus marginatis ; stylo silicula (cstipilata) dimidio vel xdlra breviore; foliis caulinis basi seepe auriculatis et subamplexicaulibus. 1. V. grandiflora (Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3464) : caulibus pube brevi subeinereis ; foliis stepe sinuato-pinnatifidis dentatisve ; stylo silicula 2-3-plo breviore. V. brevi- styla, Torr. d> Gr. Fl. 1. p. 102 (vide Suppl. p. 668.) The septum is not veinless, as is said by Don, but has a midnerve stretching from the apex towards the base, as is usual in the genus. 2. V. atjriculata (Engelm. Gr. Fl. 1. p. 101): subcinereo-puberula ; filamentis basi ampliatis ; silicula pyriformi juxta basim constricta. 8. V. eepanda (Nutt. in Torr. cf Gr. I. c.) : glabrata; floribus majoribus ; fila- mentis e basi dilatata sensim angustatis ; silicula immatura subglobosi-obovata. — There are no specimens with full-grown silicles, while those of V. Nuttallii are alto- gether fruitful, with no good flowers. There is much reason to suspect that the two belong to one species. V. Nuttallii usually has a shorter but distinct stipe to the pod ; but in one of the original specimens the stipe is fully as long as in V. gracilis. 1 1 1 Silicula manifeste stipitata, exacte globosa. X Floribus saturate fcavis. 9. V. gracilis (Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3533) : glabrata, erectiuscula ; foliis lanceola- tis subintegerrimis ; racemo laxifloro elongato ; pedicellis elongatis patentibus ; sili- cula glabra stipite duplo longiore stylo pi. m. breviore. — The silicles of Berlandier's and Drummond's specimens are, as described and figured by Hooker, "not larger than hemp seed." In those of Lindheimer, where the whole plant is stronger, and in Plantce Lindheimeriana. 149 distribution. Thickets, New Braunfels, &c. February. D. Roemeriana, Scheele iiiLinnaa, 21, p. 583, would seem to be cultivated specimens, the silicles are considerably larger. The stipe is sometimes almost as long as the pod; sometimes scarcely half that length. 10. V. Goedoni (sp. nov.) : tomentuloso-canescens ; caulibus difl'usis ; foliis sub- iniegerrimis, infimis subspathulatis, superioribus lanceolatis vel linearibus ; racemo fn ctifero laxo; pedicellis brevibus patentibus ; silicula glabra breviter stipitata stylo subduplo longiore. — On the Canadian, in the Katon Mountains, Mr. Gordon, (communicated by Dr Engelmann.) April; in flower and fruit. — This is, perhaps, a perennial species, but the root appears more like that of a biennial. The plant is sil- very-hoary, with a stellate pubescence; except the pods, which are very smooth, and two lines in diameter. Flowers not larger than those of V. gracilis, more crowded. The unripe seeds are not at all margined. XX Floribus albidis ; siliculisnutantibus. 11. V. pallida (Torr. d> Gr. Ft. 1. p 66S, Suppl.): pube minutalepidoto-stellatasub- cinerea ; caulibus adscendcntibus ramosis ; foliis oblongis plerisque laciniato-dentatis basi attenuatis, radicalibus sublyratis ; racemo laxifloro; pedicellis fructiferis recuivis ; silicula globosa glabra leviter stipitata stylo tertia parte longiore. — V. grandiflora ji. pallida, Torr. if- Gr. 1. c. p. 101. — The corolla is said, by Dr. Leavenworth (who alone has met with this plant) to be " white." § 2. Perennes (Argenteas seu incanee.) * Seminibus levissime marginatis ; silicula subslipitata stylo breviore. 12. V. Engelmannii, Gr. Gen. III. t. 70. Vide supra, No. 325. * * Seminibus immarginalis ; silicula stipitata stylo duplo longiore. 13. V. Lindheimeei, sp . nov. Vide supra, No. 327. * * * Seminibus immarginalis ; silicula non aut vix stipitata. t Stylo silicula cequilongo v. longiore. % Caulibus elongatis decumbent ibus ; foliis spalhulalis ; silicula glabra. 14. V. aegye^ea, sp. nov. Vide supra, No. 329. } X Caulibus abbrcviatis suffruticosis ; foliis angustis ; silicula glabra. 15. V. Fendleei, Gray, PI. Fendl. p. 9. 16. V. stenophylla (sp. nov.) : humilis, cano-argentea, multiceps ; foliis anguste linearibus gracilibus confertis; racemo multifloro denso; silicula membranacea gla- berrima stylum sequante. — On the Rio Grande, Texas, Mr. Charles Wright. Mon- terey and Aguaneuva, Northern Mexico, Dr. Gregg, Dr. Edwards. — The specimen of Mr. Wright is the most characteristic one. From a thick, ligneous caudex it bears several, more or less woody branches, a span high, densely leafy, and terminated by a very compact raceme of golden yellow flowers, nearly as large as these of V.grandi- jiora. The plants of Gregg and Edwards are less condensed, and with smaller flow- ers. The leaves are an inch or more, the lower over two inches in length, entire, or the lower sparingly toothed ; and the pods, also, are twice the size of those of V. Fendleri. Specimens intermediate between the two may perhaps occur. XXX Caulibus herbaceis ercctis vel adscendentibus ; silicula globoso-obovata incana. 17. V. Ludoviciana, DC. Syst. 2, p. 297; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 48. V. glo- bosa, Desv. Jour. Bot. 3, p. 171 & 184, ex char. 1 1 Stylo silicula globosa glabra vel stellato-puberula, 2 - 3-plo longiore. 18. V. aectica, Richards. Appx. Frankl. Journ. ; Book. I. c. JOURNAL B. S. N. H. 20 150 Plantce LindheimeriancB. a form of the same species, or perhaps of D. cuneifolia. To the latter, as a slender form, or to D. micrantha, would seem to belong D. filicaulis, Scheele, I. c. CAFPARIDACE^E. 332. Polanisia trachysperma, Torr. &f Gr. Fl. 1. p. 669 ; Gr. Gen. 111. 1. t. 79, fy PL Fendl. p. 10. Sandy soil, on the Colorado and Pierdenales. July, October. This differs from P. uniglandulosa, as I have formerly remarked, princi- pally in the smaller size of the flowers. It is likely to prove only a northern form of that species. POLYGALACE^E. 333. Polygala Lindheimeri (sp. ?iov.) : pubescens ; cau- libus e radice incrassata lignea plurimis foliosis ; foliis alternis subsessilibus coriaceis utrinque reticularis nitidis cuspidato- mucronatis, imis obovatis, superioribus gradatim ovatis oblon- gis et lanceolatis ; racemis terminalibus demumque lateralibus laxifloris ; rachi geniculato-flexuosa bracteis parvis ad nodos 3 persistentibus squamosa; pedicellis brevissimis ; sepalo supe- riore bracteiformi a flore subdistante alis spathulatis vix di- midio brevioribus ; carina imberbi crista calcariformi aucta ; capsula immatura pilosula. — Rocky declivities of the upper Guadaloupe and Pierdenales. June, August. Also met with by Mr. Wright, from the Colorado to the Rio Grande. — Root not unlike that of Krameria lanceolata, long, covered with a thick reddish bark. Stems a little woody at the base, Sect. II. Alyssoides, DC. Silicula ovata, valvis convexis rigidiusculis. 19. V. alpina, Nutt. in Torr. indheimerian 1. Applanatce. O. macrorhiza (n. sp.) : prostrata ; articulis obovato-or- biculatis planiusculis ; pulvillis setis fuscis et saepe aculeis singulis binisve instructis ; aculeis teretibus validis porrectis s. paulo deflexis basi apiceque fuscis ceterum albidis cum adventitio inferiore graciliore reflexo ssepe deficiente ; flori- bus sulphureis basi intus rubellis ; ovario sepalis subulatis deciduis 13 in axillis setulas fuscas brevissimas gerentibus stipato ; sepalis interioribus 15-18 subulatis et (internis) ovatis acuminato-cuspidatis ; petalis 8 sepala superantibus late obovato-spathulatis obtusis cuspidatis eroso-denticula- tis ; stigmatibus 5 obtusis, adpressis, stamina numerosa sequantibus ; bacca subpulposa clavata glabrata ; seminibus marginatis. — Naked, sterile, rocky places on the Upper Guadaloupe. Flowers (in St. Louis) in June. Root a large and fleshy tuber, sometimes 2 or 3 inches in diameter ; joints 3-4 inches long, about 2§— 3| wide, hardly attenuate at the base. Leaves subulate, about 5 lines long. Areolae |-1 inch distant, more crowded toward the base and on the edges: spines (often wanting) 1 inch long, the smaller 4-6 lines long. Flower 3 inches in diameter: ovary 1* inch long: petals 1 inch wide, 1\ inch long, pale yellow, red at the base. Fruit \\ inches long; the strongly margined seeds compara- tively few, 2| lines in diameter. — I have found the same plant in similar situations in Western Arkansas ; and it is possible that it may be one of Nuttall's new species (O. mesacantha, 0. caspitosa, or 0. humifusa) of which I cannot find a de- scription. — Nearly related to O. vulgaris. O. intermedia, Salm. The species mentioned in PL Lindh. 1. c. No. 1. has since produced abundant flowers and fruit, and proves to be the above plant. It is near O. vulga- ris, but more erect, or ascending ; the joints much larger ; flowers larger (4|-5 inches in diameter) ; ovary more slender, 2 - 2| inches long, with 20 - 25 subulate sepals ; petals obcor- Plantce Lindheimeriance. 207 date; stigma 5-lobed, erect ; fruit 2| inches long, 6-8 lines wide at the top, deeply umbilicate. Lindheimer's specimens are from Industry, south of the Brazos. I believe I have seen the same species near Natchitoches on Red River. O. Lindheimeri (n. sjj.) : erecta, robusta ; caule lignoso ; articulis (magnis) ellipticis basi attenuatis planis ; pulvillis remotis ad margines confertioribus griseo-tomentosis, setis flavidis aculeisque paucis instructis 1-3 compressis validis deflexis varie divergentibus stramineis, nunc cum 1-2 aculeis adventitiis gracilioribus ; flore . . . bacca clavata elongata subpulposa glabrata ; seminibus late marginatis. — About New Braunfels. Plant erect, often 6-8 feet high: stems terete ligneous, sometimes 6 inches in diameter, with gray bark, and very light, spongy wood. Larger joints 9-12 inches long, 5-7 broad. Areolae l|-2 inches distant on old joints; bristles on them 1-3 lines long. Spines all pale yellow, much compressed, indistinctly annulated, ^-1 inch long, various ; the 3 longer spines, or the one longer, with one or two shorter spines. The fruit, which Lindheimer has sent as belonging to this species, resembles very much that of O. vul- garis, 2-2| inches long, slender, with a deep umbilicus, very different from that of the following species. Seeds 2 - 2| lines in diameter, not numerous. Young plants grown from this seed have the same compressed spines, but are brown at the base ; the lower areolae produce no spines, but a quantity of long, coarse hair. — I add here the following species, though not properly belonging to the flora of Texas, because I suspect that it is also found at the mouth of the Rio Grande, within the limits of Texas. There, and especially on the barren sand islands at the Brazos, near Point Isabel, the St. Louis Volun- teers found large and impenetrable thickets formed by an Opuntia with large joints, covered with almost globose fruits, with innumerable small seeds, and a very luscious deep red pulp. The fruit and seed are before me, but unfortunately I did not obtain a living specimen. O. Engelmanni (Salm. Mss.) : erecta ; articulis orbiculato- 208 PlantcB Lindheimeriarus. obovatis planiusculis ; pulvillis remotis ad margines conferti- oribus griseo-tomentosis setis flavidis aculeisque paucis com- pressis ancipitibus instructis, 1-4 validis saspe incequalibus plus minus deflexis varie divergentibus basi rufis, ceterum stramineis cum adventitio infimo graciliore albido ssepe defi- ciente ; fl. . . . bacca ovata subglobosa late umbilicata pulvil- lis pluribus tomentosis stipata ; seminibus minoribus anguste marginatis. — From El Paso to Chihuahua, indigenous and cultivated, Dr. Wislizenus. No doubt, also, on the Texan side of the Rio del Norte. — Erect, 5-6 feet high. Upper and larger older joints 12 inches long by 9 broad. Areolae 1| — 2 inches distant: bristles 2-6 lines long: spines 1 - If inches long, very stout. Fruit 1|-1| inches long, about 1| in diam- eter; umbilicus large, (10-12 lines) flat; pulvilli on the fruit about 5 lines distant. Seeds very numerous, about half as large in O. vulgaris, U-l^ lines in diameter, of an irregular shape. — Near O. Dillenii and O. pohjantha, as Prince Salm informs me. <§> 2. Cylindricee. O. frutescens, Engehn. in PI. Lindh. I. c. under O. fragilis, from which it widely differs, stands near O. gracilis, Salm. (raised from Mexican seeds), but is sufficiently distinct. (Salm.) Fruit by the abortion of the seeds very often sterile. — I had occasion to observe this species in blossom, and add the description of the flowers : Floribus ex ramis anni prions provenientibus ; ovario clavato basi 5-gono sepalis subulatis sub-13 stipato ; sepalis interiori- bus 8 lanceolatis ex viridi sulphureis ; petalis 8 obovato-lan- ceolatis cuspidatis (sulphureis s. subvirescentibus) ; staminibus numerosis (40-50) inaequalibus (externis majoribus) ; stylo exserto ; stigmatibus 5 adpressis albidis. — The flower cannot be distinguished from that of the Opuntice applanata, but it is only 8-10 lines in diameter: ovary 9-12 lines long. Flowers (in St. Louis) July and August. O. arborescens, Engdm. in Wish Rep., is recognized by Prince Salm as identical with his O. siellata ; but as no de- Plants Lindkeimeriance. 209 scription of his plant has ever been published, he adopts the above name. G. E. CRASSULACE.E. (245.) Sedum sparsiflorum, Nutt. Rocky soil, on the Upper Guadaloupe. May, June. UMBELLIFER^E. f Hydrocotyle interrupta, Muhl. ; Tort: &/• Gray, Fl. 1 . p. 599. Swamps, along the Guadaloupe. July. f H. umbellata, Linn. ; Torr. § Gray, I. c. In pools and clear streamlets on the Liano. October. (613.) H. repanda, Pers. ; Torr. fy Gray, I. c. Near Fredericksburg, in moist places along creeks, creeping among high grass. September. (614.) Sanicula Canadensis, Linn.; Torr. Fl. New York, 1. p. 265. t. 32. 403. Eryngium Leavenworthii, Torr. &f Gray, Fl. 1 . p. 604. Margin of woods, on clayey prairies, Comale Creek and San Marco. August. — Plant annual, ornamental in cultivation, when the heads turn red or purple. 1 1 Lamarck first properly distinguished from Eryngium aquaticum, Linn., the var. p., and characterized it as a distinct species, under the name of E. Virginianum. Later, Michaux, giving to the original E. aquaticum of Linnceus the name of E. yuccccfolium, descrihed under the name of E. aquaticum, a plant which appears to he, not the E. Virginianum of Lamarck (which is described as only a foot or so in height, with long and narrow, ensiform, radical leaves, finely striate and ciliate, with distant spinules, Lamarck moreover citing the figure of Pluk. Aim. t. 396), hut the much larger and broader-leaved plant which Elliott has well characterized under that name. Elliott's E. Plukenetii is truly E. Virginianum, Lam. I am indebted to H. W. Ravenel, Esq., of St. Johns, Berkley, S. Carolina, for full speci- mens and notes, accurately distinguishing these species, and another, which perhaps has also been confounded with E. Virginianum, hut which may properly bear the name of this acute and zealous botanist, who has directed my attention to its char- acters. The latter should stand next E. aquaticum, L. 1. E. Ravenellii (sp.nov.): caule simplici ; foliis linearibus elongatis compli- cate) -equitantibus subteretis nervulosis obsolete denticulatis, involucralibus trifidis capitulo aequalibus ; paleis receptaculi uninervatis aequaliter 3-spinosis calycis lobos mucronato-acuminatos superantibus. — In flat and damp Pine land ; common at Black Oak, St. Johns, Berkley District, South Carolina. September, October. Stem from l£ - 3 feet high, slender. I possess no strictly radical leaves ; those from near the base of the stem are from 12-18 inches long, conduplicate in the dried plant, and 210 Plantce Lindheimeriance. (615.) Cicuta maculata, Linn. Banks of Comale Creek. July. Plant 4 to 7 feet high. 404. DAUCOSMA, Engelm. fy Gray. Calycis dentes 5- subulati, persistentes. Petala obovata, emarginata, cum lacinula apice emarginato-biloba inflexa. Sty- lopodium conicum, persistens ; stylis elongatis reflexis. Fruc- tus ovoideus, ala angustissima crassa cinctus : mericarpia jugis 5 crassis obtusis (in fruct. juniore subduplicibus aut dorso exaratis). Vallecula univittate : commissura plana bivittata ; vittis latis rectis. Semen semiteres. Carpophorum biparti- tum. — Herba annua, glabra, odore forte Dauci (unde nomen) ; caulibus 2-3-pedalibus ramosis striatis farctis ; foliis ternati-quinatisectis, segmentis tripartitis, lobis lacini- atis venosis lanceolatis, seu fol. supremorum lineari-setaceis ; involucri et involucelli phyllis plurimis 3 - 5-partitis setaceis 3 or 4 lines wide at the base, thence tapering gradually to the apex. Ravenel de- scribes them from the living plant as "terete, solid, but soft and spongy, with a deep groove in the upper surface, and a few obsolete spinulose serratures." He remarks, that " the tube of the calyx is not entirely clothed with lanceolate vesi- cles " as in E. Virginianum, etc. ; but I find that this character is not uniform. The palese of the receptacle are larger ; their three spiny cusps stronger and of equal length, and the calyx-lobes much less pointed than in E. Virginianum, but more so than in E. aquaticum. 2. E. Virginianum {Lam. Did 4. p. 759) : caule simplice vel apice cymoso ; foliis lineari-lanceolatis planis, inferioribus venulosis subspiuuloso-serratis dentibus uncinatis, radicalibusve fere integerrimis, superioribus spinulosis seu laciniatis, involucralibus trifidis vel 3-5-cuspidatis capitulo fructifero suhEequalihus ; paleis receptaculi trinervatis, tricuspidatis, cuspide medio longiore lobos calycis fructiferi acuminata aristatos subsequantibus. — E. lacustre Virginianum, &c, Pluk. Aim. t. 396, f. 3. E. aquaticum p. Linn. E. Plukenetii, Ell. Sk. 1. p. 582. Wet places, margin of ponds and streams, New Jersey to Florida and Texas. Flowers in August and September in the Northern States; in July and June farther south. Plant one or two feet high. 3. E. pRiEAi/ruM : caule 4- 6-pedali superne ramoso ; foliis lanceolatis planis venosis serratis utrinque attenuatis, radicalibus magnis longe petiolatiscosta valida, summis linearibus spinuloso-dentatis incisisve, involucralibus capitulo 2-3-plo lon- gioribus ; paleis receptaculi trinervatis breviter tricuspidatis lobos calycis fructiferi subulato-acuminatos vix aequantibus. — E. aquaticum, Michx. El. 1. p. 163, non Linn. E. Virginianum, Ell. Sk. 1. p. 343, non Lam. — In tide swamps, S. Carolina and Georgia; August. Michaux states he found it especially on Goose Creek, a tributary of Cooper River, in the tide swamps of which it was gathered by Mr. Ravenel. The lowest leaves are from one to two feet in length, and from 2h- 3 inches in breadlh, not unlike those of a Rumex in appearance, on petioles a foot pr 18 inches in length. The paleae are nearly as in E. Virginianum. Plantce Lindheimeriance. 211 radios umbellse et umbellularum plurimos subaequantibus ; floribus albis. — Genus differt a proximo Cynosiadio petalis inflexis, ab iEthusa calyce 5-dentato, ab CEnanthi carpophoro distincto, etc. 404. Daucosma laciniatum, Engelm. fy Gray. High val- leys near New Braunfels and on the Upper Guadaloupe, cov- ering large patches of moist prairie land, and along the margin of thickets. Flowering in July. — The specimens have only half grown fruit. The carpological characters of the genus are derived from fruiting specimens of Lind- heimer's collection in 1849, just received, and from others gathered by Mr. Wright the same year, on sand bars of the upper part of the Nueces. — The whole plant exhales a strong odor of Carrot. (616.) CHiEROPHYLLUM Teinturieri, Hoolc. fy Am. : 8. fructu pubescente, Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 1. p. 638. Shady woods, New Braunfels. April, May. " Less rigid and erect than the form with glabrous fruit, from the same locality." l 1 From Mr. Wright, gathered in Western Texas, we have specimens of an evi- dent congener of Tauschia nudicaulis, except that its fruit shows about 20 small vittE, instead of six rather large ones. In this and many other respects, it accords with Musenium, Nutt., of which I have no specimens (since No. 220 of Geyer's Oregon Collection does not agree with the generic character). Tauschia (Moseniopsis) Texana (sp.nov-): glaberrima ; foliis omnibus radi- calibus utrinque viridibus pinnato-decompositis, nempe pinnis 3-5 cum impari, inferioribus petiolulatis (petiolulis ac petiolo gracili apteris) piunato-3-5-partitis, segmentis cuneiformibus 3 - 5-fidis, lobis oblongis obtusissimis ; scapo simplicis- simo nudo ; involucro parvo 1 -2-phyllo aut nullo; involucello diinidiato e phyllo unico palmati 3-5-fido; radiis umbellulse fructu didymo brevioribus ; mericarpiis leevigatis 18-20-vittatis, jugis obsoletis. — Western Texas, near Austin? Mr. Charles Wright. — Root thick, perennial. Scape in fruit from 5 to S inches high, longer than the leaves. Umbel 5-7-rayed. Fruits a line and a half long, very smooth ; the filiform jugaj nearly obsolete at maturity. — No. 120 of Coulter's Mexican Collection is Tauschia nudicaulis, as appears from an original specimen from Schlechtendal, in flower only. No. 121 is apparently a disiinct species, viz. : Tauschia Coulteri (Gray fy Harv. iried.) : breviter caulescens ; foliis ternati- quinatisectis subtus glaucescentibus; segmentis ovalibus basi subcordatis cuneatisve saepius trilobatis duplicato-dentatis, dentibus mucronatis ; involucro et involucello e phyllo unico lineari integerrimo aut nullo ; radiis umbellulce fructu plus duplo lon- gioribus. — Scapes in flower and fruit from 5 to 12 inches long, soon exceeding the leaves. Petioles much dilated and sheathing at the base, as in T. nudicaulis. The larger leaflets an inch and a half long. Pedicels in fruit 4 or 5 lines in length. Fruit fully two lines long ; the jugae rather prominent ; vittae 6 in each mericarp, rather large. 212 Planta. Lindheimeriaiue. 405. Atrema Americana, DC. Prodr. 4. p. 250. Margin of woods, in rocky, dry prairies, New Braunfels. May. LORANTHAC^E. 406. Phoradendron flavescens, Nutt. ; Engelm. in PL Fendl. p. 59, in not. : var. p. pubescens, Engelm. Mss. On Muskit trees, Upper Guadaloupe, Elms, &C. 1 1 Dr. Engelmann communicates the subjoined revised character and remarks. "Phoradendron flavbscens (Nult.): ramis teretibus ; foliis oblanceolatis obovatis nunc orbiculatis obtusis in petiolum brevem attenuatis trinerviis ; spicis masculis subverticiilatis folium cequantibus, articulis 4-5, 15 -35-floris ; fcemineis suboppositis folio brevioribus, articulis 3-4 4- 10-floris ; floribus depresso-globosis annulato-carinatis ciliatis subtrifidis. — Var. a. glabriusculum : foliis oblan- ceolatis seu obovatis 3-nerviis in petiolum sensim attenuatis glabris ; ramis junio- ribus puberulis : — jS. pubescens : foliis ut in a, seel puberulis ; ramulis canescenti- b us: — y. orbiculatum (Ph. orbiculatum, Engelm. PL Fendl.): foliis obovato- orbiculatis in petiolum brevem abrupte contractis vix trinerviis subpubescentihus. — New Jersey to Southern Missouri and New Mexico, and south to Texas. Var. a. is the more northern form, mostly in low woods along water courses ; ft. in damp places on Ulmus, Algarobia, and also Quercus falcata, near New Braunfels, San Antonio, etc. y. in Texas and Arkansas on dry sterile land, on Quercus nigra and other Oaks. Flowers, December to March ; fruit ripens the following winter. "The nearly related Phoradendron tomentosum, from South of the Rio Grande, has smaller leaves, longer spikes, etc. Plwradendron villosum of Oregon has much smaller and spatulate tomentose leaves, etc. " I take this opportunity to make some corrections and additions to my paper on Viscum and the related genera, printed as a note in Plantce Fendlcriance, pp. 58, 59. " I. VISCUM Bacca globosa, pulposa, semipellucida, monosperma, corolla persistente coronata. " II. PHORADENDRON, Nutt. Flores diceci, globosi. FL masc. Perian- thium 3-(raro 2- s. 4-) lobum : anthera loborum basi adnatre, transversse, biloculares, poris s. rimis verticalibus duabus dehiscentes. Fl.fasm. Perianthium 3- (rare 2-s. 4-)- lobum: ovarium inferum, tubo adnatum, uniloculare ; ovulo uuico pendulo. Stigma sessile, plus minus bilobum. Bacca globosa, pulposa, semipellucida, mo- nosperma, perigonio persistente coronata. — Frutices Americani, etc. "* Foliosa; foliis lamina dilatata basi attenuatis; spicis faemineis plus minus elongatis ex articulis pluribus plurifloris constitutis. "1. Phoradendron flavescens, Pursh, sub Visco. Vide supra. "2. Ph. tomentosum, DC, sub Visco. "3. Ph. villosum, Nutt., sub Visco: tomentosum; ramis teretibus ; foliis ob- lanceolatis s. spathulatis obtusis in petiolum brevem attenuatis obscure trinerviis s. subenerviis ; spicis fcemineis oppositis s. verticillatis abbreviatis 2 - 3-articulatis ; bracteis truncatis ; articulis brevibus, inferiore 6-8-floro, superiore 2-floro ; floribus depresso-globosis annulato-carinatis puberulis 3-fidis. — Wahlamet Woods, Oregon, Nuttall. — Leaves 8-12 lines long, 3-4 lines wide. Spikes 3-4 lines long. Flowers 0.5-0.6 of a line in diameter, like those of the two foregoing species de- Planted Lindheimeriana. 213 CAPRIFOLIACE^E. f Lonicera albiflora, Torr. &f Gray, Fl. 2. p. 6. Var. p. tubo corollae limbo paulo longiore aut sequali. L. anelica, Lindh. ined. — High rocky prairies between the pressed, with an almost annular, ciliate carina. Stigma conspicuously bifid. — The narrow, long, attenuate leaves and the short spikes distinguish it from Ph. tomentosum. "5. Ph. lanceolatum, Engeirn. in Plant. Fendl. " * * Squamosa; foliis in squamulas connatas pelviformes reductis ; spicis fcemineis ex articulis paucis 1-2 floris constitutis. "6. Ph. Califoknicum (Nutt.): glabrum ; ramis elongatis strictis gracilibus teretibus ; squamis ovato-lanceolatis patentibus basi connatis tenuiter ciliatis ; spicis fcemineis lateralibus opposilis 3-4-floris; floribus globosis trifidis glabris in quovis articulo singulis s. binis cupulse ciliatae immersis ; spicis fructiferis elonga- tis; baccis globosis.— Sierra Nevada of California, on some species of Strombocar- pus, Dr. Gambel. Intermediate and connecting the leafy and scaly species of this genus, though properly belonging to the latter. Scales longer than the diameter of the branch, patulous. Branches a foot or more long (Nuttall); ultimate joints 7 -9 lines long; flowering spikes about 3 lines, and fruiting spikes 9 lines long. Fruit 3 lines in diameter. Flowering spikes with 2 lateral linear-lanceolate ciliate bracts at base, consisting of 3 joints, the lower being always sterile, the two upper ones producing each two or by abortion single flowers. In the fruit-bearing spike these joints are in such a manner elongated that the (typically axillary) fruit is car- ried up to the top of the joint, just below the next pair of leaves (or scales). Stigma globose, very slightly bilobed. "7. Phoradendron juniper inum, Enghn. in Plant. Fendl. "III. ARCEUTHOBIUM, M. Bieb. Flores diced, ovati, compressi. Fl. masc. Perianthium 3- (raro 4-) partitum. Anthers lobis mediis adnatse, unicellu- losse, rima transversa dehiscentes. Fl. Fcem. Perianthium breviter pedicellatum, 2- (raro 3-) dentatum: ovarium inferum, tubo adnatum, uniculoculare ; ovulounico pendulo. Stigma sessile, conicum. Bacca carnosa, opaca, ovata, compressa, peri- gonio persistente coronata. — Frutices gerontogei et Americani glaberrimi, aphylli, articulati; foliis squamseformibus in vaginulas pelviformes s. cupuliformes conna- tis ; floribus axillaribus terminalibusque ssepe spicam simplicem s. compositam mentientibus ; fl. masculis 1 - 3 sessilibus, fcemineis plerumque singulis brevissime incluso-pedicellatis; baccis perigonio aucto plerumque discolore coronatis ssepius exserte pedicellatis extus carnosis intus viscidis. "1. A. Oxycedei (M. Bieb.) : caule ramisque oppositis s. dichotomis com- presso-teretibus gracilibus strictis; ramulis ultimis compresso-sub-quadrangulatis ; squamis triangularibus in vaginulas pelviformes connatis; floribus fcemineis in ultimis ramulorum articulis axillaribus terminalibusque in quavis axilla singulis s. binis; baccis exserto-pedicellatis, erectis. — Southern Europe, etc. The specimen before me is from Fiume. — Lowest joints of the ultimate branchlets sterile ; the next joint producing two leaf buds ; the 2 to 4 following joints bearing flowers, one of which is terminal. The usual state probably is, where only the two last joints bear flowers, the ultimate one a terminal, and the next below two lateral flowers ; that is the state described by Decandolle ; 'floribus fcemineis ad ramulorum apices tribus.' But in the specimen before me most branchlets bear from 5 to 9 flowers, JOURNAL B. S. N. H. 28 JAN. 1S50. 214 Plantce Lindheimeriance. Guadaloupe and Pierdenales. Comanche Spring. April. " A rough, unsightly shrub, from 4 to 6 feet high ; only the young shoots show any inclination to climb or twine. Flow- on the three or four last joints, one or two in each axilla. Flowers minute, 0.3 of a line wide and 0.4 long, on very short, enclosed pedicels, which apparently are elon- gated immediately after flowering. Pedicel of the young fruit (ripe fruits not seen) half the length of the fruit. "2. A. Americanum (Nutt.): caule ramisque fasciculatis teretibus gracilibus patulis ; squamis truncatis in vaginulas dilatalas cupuliformes connatis ; floribus masculis axillaribus terminalibusque nee spicatis. — Oregon, on Pinus, Nuttall. — Considerably resembling the slender forms of var. «. of the next species, but smaller, slenderer, and at once distinguished by the terete branches, the fasciculated branchlets, and much dilated vaginulse. Female plant and fruit unknown to me. " 3. A. campylopodum {n. sp.) : ramis oppositis seu dichotomis compresso- quadrangulatis ; squamis truncatis breviter cuspidatis in vaginulas subcylindricas cupuliformes connatis; floribus axillaribus terminalibusque plerumque in spicam simplicem s. compositam aggregatis, masculis singulis vel binis ternisve, fcemineis in quavis axilla singulis ; baccis exserto-pedicellatis patulis s. recurvis. — Var. a. macrarthron: caule compresso vix angulato ; ramis plerumque gracilioribus ; articulis plus minus elongatis ; floribus foemineis sparsis et in ramulis brevibus paucis seu in spicas simplices aggregatis. — /?. ? brachyarthron : caule tereti ro- busto ; ramis robustis articulis abbreviatis diametro vix longioribus ; floribus foemineis in spicas densas compositas aggregatis. — I have comprised under this name different forms, which, when better known, will probably have to be separated as distinct species. My specimens are so incomplete that I can not even satisfactorily determine whether the different forms which constitute the first of the two varie- ties will finally be retained under one species. — Var. «. has been found in Oregon (only on Pinus ponderosa), Geyer; in New Mexico (only on Pinus edulis,) Fendler, 282; and in California, Doug-las. — The specimens from New Mexico (only male and female flowers seen) have short female spikes, bearing 2 to 5 flowers, or the flowers are scattered on the branchlets : the flowers are elliptical, 0.4 lines wide and 0.5 long, almost sessile. Geyer's Oregon plant (I have seen only a fruiting speci- men) has more elongated many-flowered female spikes ; the flowers apparently ovate ; pedicel hardly one third the length of the (not quite ripe) fruit. The Gali- fornian plant (male and female flowers and fruit) is much stouter : male flowers twice as large as in the specimens from New Mexico, and not rarely 4-parted ; female flowers in more elongated spikes, elliptico orbicular, small, 0.4 to 0.5 line in diameter; the recurved pedicel more than half the length of the fruit, which is 2 lines long and 1,3 wide. — Var.? /S. has been collected in Mexico by Coulter. I can hardly doubt it to be a distinct species ; but my means to distinguish it are at present too limited. The stout terete stem, the short joints which are hardly longer than wide, the crowded compound or panicled spikes which resemble those of the following species, and the larger ovate (not elliptical) flowers appear to indicate specific distinction. Fern, flowers 0.6 lines wide and 0.8 lines long : fruit 2 lines long and 1.2 lines in transverse diameter, the pedicel more than half as long as the fruit : male flowers not seen. "4. A. cryptopodum (n. sp.): caule ramisque acute quadrangulatis robustis articulis brevioribus ; squamis truncatis in vaginulas cupulatas connatis ; floribus in spicas densas compositas congestis, fcemineis ovatis in quavis axilla singulis ; Plantce Lindheimeriance. 215 ers dirty white." — Mr. Wright has sent the same plant from near Austin. The leaves on the flowering branches are from an inch to an inch and a half long ; those of young sterile shoots larger. Tube of the corolla 5 lines long. — I possess no specimen of the original L. albiflora ; from which this apparently differs only as the L. flava /?• Torr. fy Gray, I. c. differs from the type of that species. 1 RUBIACE^E. (617.) Galium virgatum, Nutt. in Torr. &f Gr. Fl. 2. p. 20: var. caulibus laxioribus. — New Braunfels ; "covering large patches of naked prairie, mixed with little grass. April. To this species plainly belongs the Galium Texanum, Scheele in Linncea, 21. p. 597, gathered by Roemer. (618.) G. triflorum, Michx. : forma pusilla, junior, foliis subspathulatis. New Braunfels. April. (619.) G. uncinulatum, DC. Prodr. 4. p. 600 ? G. Cali- fornicum y. Texanum, Torr. &/• Gray, FL 2. p. 20. New Braunfels. April. Allied to this is G. hypadenium, Schauer. (247.) Diodia tricocca, Torr. &/■ Gray, Fl. 2. p. 30. Sterile soil in high places, near New Braunfels. June. (620.) Hedyotis (Amphiotis) stenophylla, Torr. &f baccis brevissime incluso-pedicellatis erectis. — Santa Fe, only on Pinus brachyp- tera, A. F'endler, No. 283. — Hooker's A. Oxycedri from the Hudson Bay country appears to belong here : the figure shows at least subsessile, erect fruits ; but the segments of the male flowers are broadly oval, while those of the New Mexican plant are lanceolate." G. Engelmann. 1 From the collection made by Lindheimer in 1849, Dr. Engelmann communicates the following : Symphoricarpus spicatus {Engelm. Mss.): foliis obovatis obtusis brevissime petiolatis supra demum glabratis subtus pubescentibus pallidis; floribus (15 - 30) in spicas axillares arcle glomeratas congestis ; corollis intus barbatis; baccis rubris. — Shady bottom woods, New Braunfels. A small shrub, 2 or 3 feet high, with numerous slender branches. Leaves about three fourths of an inch long, half an inch wide ; the lower leaves wider, almost orbicular. Spikes from 4 to 6, or in fruit 8 or 10, lines long. Flowers a little smaller than in S 1 . glomeratus, to which our species bears a strong affinity. It is, however, distinguished by its smaller, obtuse leaves, the spiked flowers, the larger and apparently more juicy fruit, and the broader, more compressed seeds. Of the numerous flowers in each spike only a few mature fruit." Engelm. 216 Plants Lindheimeriaruz. Gray, Fl. 2. p. 41. Var. coiollis minoribus. — Rocky soil on the plateau above New Braunfels. June. (621.) Hedyotis (Houstonia) humifusa (n. sp.) : annua, dichotome ramosissima, depressa, glutinoso-puberula ; foliis lineari-lanceolatis imis in petiolum attenuatis mucronatis crassiusculis ; stipulis dilatatis scariosis setaceo-dentatis ; flori- bus in dichotomiis solitariis binisve breviter pedunculatis ; tubo corollas infundibuliformis lobis oblongis supra puberulis sublongiore lacinias calycis 4-partiti subulato-setaceas paulo superantibus ; capsula pendula didyma puberula basi tantum calyci accreta ; seminibus in loculis paucis ovoideis. — Open gravelly banks of streamlets, near Fredericksburg. May. (Also in sandy prairies at Austin, Mr. Charles Wright.) — Stems 3 or 4 inches long, fastigiate, very leafy, in cultivation (in the Cambridge Botanic Garden) close pressed to the ground, and forming a dense patch, flowering through the summer. Lower leaves somewhat spatulate, an inch long ; the others linear and smaller. Corolla pale purple or nearly white, 3 lines long ; the lobes more or less downy inside. Stigma two-lobed. The flowers are dioecio-dimorphous, after the manner of the genus and its allies ; one plant having the linear anthers deeply included, and a long style with the stigma exserted ; the other with a short, included style, and with the stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla. Both forms are abundantly fertile. The seeds are not hollowed on the inner face. — This species is intermediate in characters between Houstonia, Amphiotis, and Ereicotis, and should perhaps stand in a separate section, along with H. rubra, although the latter is in some respects quite a different plant. I was mistaken in stating (in PL Fendl. p. 61), that H. rubra had been met with in Texas. No. 621 is the form with sub- exserted stamens, and short style. (622.) The same species with subexserted style and included stamens. Sandy prairies on the Pierdenales. May. 407. Fedia (Valerianella) stenocarpa (Engelm. Mss.) : fructu glabro anguste oblongo, loculis sterilibus paral- Plantce Lindheimeriana. 217 lelis semine multo minoribus : cset. F. radiatse sed fructu mi- nore. — Thickets in light soil, near San Antonio, New Braunfels, &c. March. This, Dr. Engelmann, probably with good reason, considers as distinct from the F. radiata with glabrous fruit (the form that alone occurs around St. Louis.) " The fruit is not only much smaller and more slen- der than that of F. radiata, but the proportion of the empty cells is different ; these being much smaller than the seed ; while in the former they are about equal, and in F. carinata (which has a different habit) larger. Cauline leaves often deeply dentate at the base, or almost pinnatifid, but some- times entire." Engelm. 1 COMPOSITE. 408. Vernonia Lindheimeri : perennis, bipedalis ; foliis anguste linearibus confertis sessilibus uninerviis margine re- volutis supra glabris punctatis subtus cauleque simplici seri- ceo-tomentosis ; capitulis corymbosis breviter pedunculatis 30-40-floris ; squamis involucri cano-tomentosi pappo rubi- ginoso brevioribus conformibus appressis oblongis xobtusis exappendiculatis ; acheniis glabris 10-costatis glandulosis ; pappo exteriori multisquamellato. Gray &r Engelm. in Pro- ceed. Amer. Acad. 1. p. 46. — Rocky hill sides, and high rocky plains, near New Braunfels, &c. July, August. Also near Seguin, &c. Mr. Wright. A very well-marked and hand- some species. In cultivation in the Cambridge Botanic Gar- den, it does not blossom until near the end of September. 1 From the collection of 1S49, Dr. Engelmann has communicated the characters of another species, viz. Fedia amarella (Lindh. Mss.): " glaberrima, erecta, versus apicem dicho- tomo-cymosa; foliis inferioribus spathulatis basi longe attenuatis, superioribus ob- longo-linearibus sessilibus vel basi subcordatis, omnibus integris obtusis ; fructibus minimis subgloboso-ovatis obtuse auriculatis hispidis, loculis sterilibus fertili sub- globoso multo angustioribus brevioribusque pene obliteratis. — Comanche Spring ; flowering in May. — Plant 8 to 12 inches high, in habit similar to F. radiata and F. ste?wcarpa ; but the leaves are entire in all the specimens ; and the fresh herb has a bitter taste, which the other species have not. The fruit is much smaller than in any other species known to me ; the sterile cells many times smaller than the seed, their cavity almost obliterated." Engelm. 218 Plantce Lindheimeriance. The appropriate name of V. rosmarini folia, given to this species by Mr. Lindheimer, is preoccupied by Lessing. 409. Clavigera Riddellii, Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 2. p. 77. Gravelly banks of the Upper Pierdenales, and of the Guada- loupe. September, October. — Plants 3 or 4 feet high, suf- fruticose. 410. KUHNIA EUPATORIOIDES, Linn, ft. CORYMBULOSA : for- ma humilis. K. suaveolens, Presenilis. K. Maximiliani, Sin- ning in Neuwied, Trav. Dry, rocky prairies near New Braunfels. November. Also, Comanche Spring, "with beautiful red or yellow flowers." Lindh. 411. K. edpatorioides, 8. gracillima : foliis angustis- sime linearibus marginibus revolutis seu filiformibus. Dry, gravelly bed of the Pierdenales and Cibolo Rivers. October. The same as No. 305 of PL Fendleriance (also found by Mr. Wright on the Rio Grande), but with still narrower leaves. It would seem to be distinct from K. eupatorioides y. Torr. fy Gray ; yet I find no characters besides the more attenuated leaves. I notice that it is the Kuhnia leptophylla, Scheele in Linnaa, 21. p. 598, described from Lindheimer's specimens. f Liatris punctata, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1. p. 206. t. 55. Torr. 8f Gray, Fl. 2. p. 69. Var. /?. Rocky prairies between the Rio Colorado and Guadaloupe. July. 412. Brickellia (Bulbostylis) cylindracea: cinereo- pubescens et resinoso-atomifera, herbacea e radice lignea; foliis plerisque oppositis triplinerviis subtus reticulato-venosis oblongo-ovatis obtusiusculis grosse serratis brevissime petio- latis, ramealibus subsessilibus ; capitulis pedunculatis in pani- culam foliosam laxe corymbosam digestis ; involucri 10-flori cylindrici squamis 4-seriatim imbricatis arachnoideo-ciliatis striatis mucronato-acuminatis, intimis linearibus pappum bar- bellato-serrulatum requantibus, exterioribus multo brevioribus ovalibus appressis ; achsniis puberulis. Gray &r Englm. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. 1. c. — In stony thickets on the Upper Guadaloupe. September, October. Also near Fredericks- Plantce Lindheimeriance. 219 burg; and in the same region, by Mr. Wright. — Stems numerous, from a woody perennial root, two to four feet high. Heads 7 lines long. — Differs from Clavigera only in the merely serrulate pappus. Can it be C. dentata, DC? 413. EuPATORIUM AGERATIFOLIUM, DC, /?. TeXENSE. Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 2. p. 90. — E. Lindheimerianum, Scheele, in Linn a a, 21. p. 599. Rocky, Cedar woods, New Braun- fels. October. Also gathered by Mr. Wright in Western Texas. — A shrubby plant, with slender branches, from four to ten feet high. In the cultivated plant the copious and showy blossoms are pure white. f E. serotinum, Michx. Margin of woods, New Braun- fels. August. f Aster sericeus, Vent. Hort. Cels. t. 33. Banks of the Upper Pierdenales. October. (249.) A. Drummondii, Lindl. ; DC Prodr. 5. p. 234; Torr. &r Gray, Fl. 2. p. 121. Thickets, on rocky banks of the Upper Pierdenales. October. f A. multiflorus, Ait. ; Torr. ty- Gray, Fl. 2. p. 124. Dry prairies of the Upper Guadaloupe and Pierdenales. Oc- tober. A. virgatus, Ell. Sk. 2. p. 253 ; Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 2. p. 116. Thickets on the Cibolo River. October. f A. carneus, Nees. ; Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 2. p. 133. Up- per Pierdenales. October, 1845. f A. carneus. Nees. Var. foliis angustioribus linearibus. On the Pierdenales. (624.) A. carneus /?. subasper, Torr. fy Gray, I. c. Thickets and along streamlets, on the Pierdenales and Liano. October. t A. simplex, p. Torr. &f Gray, Fl. 2. p. 132. Rocky soil, margin of thickets. October. f A. divaricatus, Torr. &r Gray, Fl. 2. p. 163. On the Pierdenales and Liano; in moist, fertile soil. Stems 2-4 feet high, sometimes leafless. Rays light blue. (623.) A. spinosus, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 20; Torr. %> 220 Planta Lindheimeriance. Gray, Fl. 2. p. 165. Banks of the Liano. October. Also on the Brazos. " Shrubby, 6 to 8 feet high ; the perennial stems half an inch thick, branching above [the branches her- baceous]. Leaves few and small, [scale-like or subulate], spinescent or soft, or none." Lindh. (626.) Erigeron Canadense /?. glabratum. E. strictum, DC! Prodr. 5. p. 289, sed panicula composita expansa. Prairies north of the Liano, among granite rocks. October. De Candolle's E. strictum is certainly not to be distin- guished as a species from E. Canadense. (627.) E. modestum, Gray, PL Fendl in Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4. p. 68. Distasis modesta, DC, Prodr. 5. p. 279? Rocky soil, north of New Braunfels, and near the sources of the Pierdenales. June and October. — The squamellee and the fragile setae of the pappus are more numer- ous than in the character of Distasis modesta, DC Our plant is an undoubted Erigeron. Had it more numerous rays it would fall into the section Phalacroloma, before E. tenue. As it is, it belongs rather to Pseud erigeron. 414. Egletes ramosissima, Gray, PI. Fendl. p. 71. Aphanostephus ramosissimus, DC Prodr. 5. p. 310. A. Riddellii, Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 2. p. 189. Dry, sandy, or stony prairies of the Guadaloupe and Pierdenales. April to August. — In cultivation this plant flowers abundantly through the whole summer, and is quite ornamental. The heads droop before anthesis ; and the white rays are usually tinged with pink or purple underneath. 415. Keerlia bellidifolia (Gray fy Engelm. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. 1. p. 47) : annua, diffusa, hirsutulo-pubescens ; caulibus foliosis dichotomo-ramosis ; ramis ramulisque mono- cephalis ; foliis spathulatis obtusis mucronulatis integerrimis, summis sublinearibus, omnibus inferne attenuatis, radicalibus obovatis petiolatis ; involucri campanulati squamis biserialibus oblongis membranaceis nitidis mucronato-acuminatis margini- bus late scariosis ; ligulis (cyaneis) 9- 14 lineari-oblongis; fl. disci plusquam 20 plerisque fertilibus ; acheniis clavato- Plant a Lindheimeriance. 221 fusiformibus vix compressis 7-9-nerviis hirtellis coronula integra soepius obsoleta superatis. — Margin of woods and thickets, in sterile soil, Comale Creek and near New Braun- fels (also 628.) April to June. A summer state, very much branched and with smaller capituli, was gathered in Western Texas by Mr. Wright. The plant has much the aspect of Bellis integrifolia, though the heads are rather smaller, and it branches diffusely in the same way, the branches terminated by single capituli. — The type of the genus Keerlia must be K. ramosa, DC, a Mexican plant collected by Keerl himself, and with which the present plant appears to be a true con- gener. K. linearifolia, DC is thought to have yellow rays, which leaves its position doubtful. K. skirrobasis, DC, and of Delessert's as well as of Hooker's figure, is doubtless Leu- copsidium Arkansanum, DC, the Egletes Arkansana, Nutt., as I have already remarked in Proceed. Amer. Acad. I. c, and in Plantce Fendleriance, p. 71. The genus, as it thus stands, takes the place in this country of Brachycome, from which, as well as from Bellis, it is well distinguished by its flat receptacle. Mr. Lindheimer's recent collection enables us to add another Texan species, of a peculiar aspect, and remark- able for its fewer-flowered heads, its flattened ray-achenia, and entirely sterile disk, 1 viz. 1 An amended character of the genus is subjoined : — KEERLIA, DC. Prodr. 5. p. 309. excl. sp. 2. et forte 1. Capitulum muhiflorum radiatum ; ligulis 6-25 uniserialibus femineis; fl. disci hermaphroditis vel abortu masculis 5-dentatis. Involucrum campanulatum aut turbinatum, pauci-pluriseriale ; squamis oblongis mucronatis vel acuminatis mar- gine late scariosis. Receptaculum planum nudum. Achenia subteretia vel com- pressa, disci omnia aut centralia saepe inania. Pappus parvus coroniformis. — Herbae Mexicans et Texanae, humiles, rarnosse ; foliis alternis sessilibus inte- gris ; capitulis parvulis solitariis vel paniculatis; ligulis albis vel cseruleis. § 1. Achenia subteretia, fusiformia vel obpyramidata, nervosa: styli fl. disci ap- pendice brevi obtusa superati. — Caules dichotome ramosi, ramis apice nudis mono- cepbalis, capitulis mullifloris. 1. K. ramosa, DC. 2. K. bellidifolia, Gray $• Engelm. supra. ?K. LINEARIFOLIA, DC. § 2. Achenia radii plano-compressa calloso-marginata, disci omnia inania gra- JOURNAL B. S. N. H. 29 JAN. 1850. 222 Planted Lindheimeriana. (629.) K. effusa (sp. nov.) : perennis ? caule virgato ad apicem usque folioso hirsuto ; foliis utrinque hispidis oblongis obtusis integerrimis e basi lata arete sessilibus, infimis subspa- thulatis basi attenuatis, costa supra impressa subtus promi- nula ; panicula decomposita patentissima, ramulis peduncu- lisque filiformibus ; bracteis minimis subulatis ; involucri turbinati squamis gradatim imbricatis oblongis marginibus scariosis obtusissimis cuspidato-mucronatis ; ligulis albis 5 — 7 oblongis; fl. disci 7-10 sterilibus ; acheniis radii plano- compressis ovalibus calloso-marginatis ad margines praesertim hirtellis faciebus fere enerviis apice acutatis pappo minimo setuloso-coroniformi superatis, disci omnibus abortivis gracili- bus, pappo ut in radio. — Shady declivities, on the banks of the Upper Guadaloupe, near Comanche Spring. August, September. Stem from 18 to 30 inches high, very leafy to the top ; the leaves about an inch long, not unlike those of Aster patens, but not clasping. Heads very numerous: invo- lucre scarcely more than two lines long. 416. Gymnospermum corymbosum, DC. Prodr. 5. p. 312; Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 2. p. 192. Rocky and naked limestone terraces between the headwaters of the San Antonio and Guadaloupe rivers. August - October. — The leaves are nearly lanceolate. (80.) Gutierrezia Texana, Torr. fy Gray, I. c. New Braunfels, in large masses on sterile soil. July, August. 417. Solidago speciosa y. rigidiuscula, Torr. &f Gray : foliis angustioribus, capitulis majusculis. S. Lindheimeriana, Scheele in Linncea, 21. p. 599. On limestone gravel in the dry bed of the Cibolo, between New Braunfels and San An- tonio. October. 1 cilia: styli fl. disci steril. appendice gracili lanceolata hispida superati. — Caulis strictus, panicula polycephala composita, pedunculis pedicellisque filiformibus pa- tentissimis, capitulis paucifloris. 3. K. effusa : vide supra. — Like Brachycome, which it represents in America, Keerlia as thus constituted exhibits both terete and compressed achenia. 1 Solidago cylindrica, Scheele in Linncea, I. c, from Virginia, appears to be S. gpeciosa /J. angustata, Torr. ^ Gray. Planta Lindheimeria7U£. 223 f S. nemoralis, Alt. ; Torr. if Gray, FL 2. p. 220. Prairies, Upper Pierdenales. October. f S. inc ana j5? Torr. fy Gray, FL 2. p. 221. On declivi- ties, Upper Pierdenales. October. f S. decemflora, DC. Prodr. 5. p. 332. Prairies, Upper Pierdenales. October. — This, if rightly identified, must stand next to S. Radula, from which it differs in having con- siderably larger heads, narrower involucral scales, and cine- reous entire triplinerved leaves. — It has been abundantly collected at Comanche Spring, in October, 1849. (253.) Isopappus divaricatus, Torr. 8f Gray, FL 2. p. 239: pedunculis brevioribus. On granite along the Liano. November. f Aplopappus spinulosus, DC; Torr. fy Gray, I. c. Var. segmentis foliorum rachique filiformi-setaceis. Sandy soil under Muskit bushes, on the Liano. (630.) Centauridium Drummondii, Torr. Sf Gray, FL 2. p. 246. Dry, rocky prairies on the Liano. November. — Raised from Texan seeds in the Cambridge Botanic Garden, this proves to be a very showy plant. Its numerous, golden yellow rays are fully an inch in length. The radical and lowest cauline leaves are strongly laciniate-pinnatifid or even bipinnatifid. 418. Grindelia squarrosa, Dunal ; DC. Prodr. 5. p. 314. G. Texana, Schecle, in Linnaa, 21. p. 60. Stony prairies, New Braunfels. August. Plant 2 to 4 feet high, branching above ; the heads nearly an inch in diameter, larger, indeed, than ordinary for G. squarrosa, to which, how- ever, it clearly belongs. (631.) Chryropsis hispida, Hook. FL Dor. -Am. 2. p. 22 ; Torr. 8f Gray, FL 2. p. 255. Var. stenophylla : foliis line- ari-spathulatis. On the Liano growing, from strong ligneous roots, in the crevices of smooth granite rocks. November. 419. C. canescens, Torr. &/■ Gray, FL 2. p. 256. Rocky prairies, on the Comale and Upper Guadaloupe. June - August. 224 Plantce Lindheimeriance. (625.) Baccharis Texana, Gray, PL Fendl. p. r 5. Li- nosyris Texana, Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 2. p. 232. Dry, granitic p-airies, and on granite rocks on the Liano; often exclusively covering large patches. November. (634.) B. angustifolia, Michx. FL 2. p. 125 ; Torr. fy Gray, FL 2. p. 258. pi. masc. Banks of the Liano, in gran- itic gravel. October. — Shrub 6 to 10 feet high. The larger leaves are three inches long, two or three lines wide, and beset with a few salient teeth. Mr. Wright gathered the same plant on the Rio Grande, along with B. ccerulescens. It seems to be the B. angustifolia ; but it is remarkable that it should occur so far inland. (635.) B. angustifolia, Michx. : pi. foem. fructifera. With the preceding. (420.) Pluchea camphorata, DC; Torr. ^ Gray, FL 2. p. 261. Var. involucris floribusque rubescentibus. Banks of Comale Creek, in clayey prairie soil. September. (Some few specimens of P. fcetida are distributed under this num- ber.) (421.) Filaginopsis multicaulis, Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 2. p. 263. Dry prairies, New Braunfels, &c. April. 1 (632.) A variety of the last, from the same region, more branched and depressed, the chaff all woolly. (633.) Diaperia prolifera, Nutt. ; Torr. fy Gray, FL 2. p. 264. Evax prolifera, Nutt. in *D C Prodr. 5. p. 459. Dry prairies, New Braunfels. April. (422.) Amphiachyris dracunculoides, DC Prodr. 5. p. 313; Torr. fy Gray, FL 2. p. 192. Gutierrezia Lindheime- riana, Scheele in Linncea, 22. p. 351. Rocky prairies of the 1 It is hard to say upon what plants (from a Texan collection, made by Rremer,) Mr. Scheele has founded two new species of Filago, viz. Filago repens, and P. Texana, Scheele in Linncea, 22, p. 164. If they are rightly described as having " Flosculi centrales tubulosi perfecti pappo capillari instructi," they are not our species of Filaginopsis, nor Diaperia. We know of no indigenous North American Filago this side of California, nor of any naturalized species except F. Gcrmanica. It may be seen, moreover, that no great reliance can be placed on this writer's determinations. Plantce LindheimeriancB. 225 Guadaloupe, north of New Braunfels, in large patches. September. (636.) Melampodium cinereum, DC. Prodr. 5. p. 518; Gray, PL Fendl. p. 78. M. leucanthum, Torr. Sf Gray, Fl. 2. p. 271. Roc y declivities, Upper Pierdenales. May — October. — The plant is ornamental in cultivation, and bears a profusion of blossoms through the whole season. (637.) Polymnia Uvedalia, Linn. ; Torr. fy Gray, FL 2. p. 273. Bottom woods of the Guadaloupe. September. " Rays short, rarely seen." But plants raised from the seeds in the Botanic Garden, develop rays of nearly the usual size for this species. 423. Berlandiera Texana, DC. Prodr. 5. p. 517. Mar- gin of woods, in dry, stony soil, New Braunfels. May. 424 (638). Lindheimera, Gray &f Engelm. Capitulum multiflorum, monoicum ; floribus radii 4-5 ligulatis, foemineis, ad axillas squamarum involucri inte- riorum sitis ; fl. disci circiter 20, tubulosis, sterilibus. In- volucrum duplex; exterius e squamis 4-5 laxis linearibus foliaceis ; interius totidem membranaceo-foliaceis oblongis planis disco longioribus. Receptaculum planum, paleis char- taceis ovaria sterilia amplectentibus onustum, binis exterio- ribus basi cujusque squam. inter, invol. adnatis, persistentibus. Ligulae ovales, breviter tubulatse, involucrum vix superantes : corolla disci 4- 5-dentata. Styli fl. ster. filiformes, indivisi, hispidi. Achenia radii ovalia, obcompresso-plana, marginato- alata, intus subcarinata, carina apice in dentem parvum re- flexum producta, alis in pappum 2-dentatum extensis ; disci abortiva. — Herba monocarpica, erecta, scabro-hispida ; caule dichotomo; pedunculis subcymoso-paniculatis gracilibus mo- nocephalis ; capitulis nutantibus ; foliis imis alternis grosse dentatis, ceteris oppositis sessilibus oblongo-ovatis basi hinc inde dentatis, summis pedunculisque glandulis patelliformibus 226 Plantce Lindheimeriana. conspersis. Flores aurei. — Genus eximium, Berlandkrae et Enoelmanniee cognatum, diximus in honorem ejus acerrimi inventoris, qui floram Texanam largiter indagavit. 424. L. Texana, Gray &f Engelm. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. 1. p. 47. In thickets and rocky Cedar woods, New Braunfels; also Comanche Spring, he. (633). Also gathered in Western Texas by Mr. Wright. This has been cultivated now for two seasons in the Cambridge Botanic Garden as an annual : it copiously produces its neat flowers through the summer, and until killed by autumnal frosts. f Silphium laciniatum, Linn. Prairies and open woods, New Braunfels. July. 425. Engelmannia pinnatifida, Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 2. p. 283. E. Texana, Scheele in Linnaa, 22. p. 155. Upper Guadaloupe, on rocky hillsides, and in dry and hard prairie soil. April. (639.) E. pinnatifida ; var. foliis majoribus submembran- aceis. Comanche Spring, and New Braunfels. 426. Parthenium Hysterophorus, Linn. ; Torr. &f Gray, Fl. 2. p. 248. Muskit Flats, near San Antonio, and in the streets of that town. April to October. 427. Iva axgustifolia, JSutt. in DC. Prodr. 5. p. 529; Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 2. p. 279. Comanche Spring, &c, in rocky, moist soil, and in the dry bed of streams, in large masses. " Used in brewing beer, in place of hops." 428. Ambrosia aptera, DC. Prodr. 5. p. 527. A. trifida /?. Texana, Scheele in Linncea, 22. p. 156. Low grounds, New Braunfels. August. Closely allied to A. trifida, but readily distinguished by the marginless petioles, terete stems, and the quite different fruit. The fruit is much smaller, generally 8-rrbbed, and merely 4 - 6-tuberculate. 429. A. coronopifolia, Torr. &/■ Gray, Fl. 2. p. 291 ; var. asperula, capitulis minoribus, fructibus interdum 6-tu- berculatis. A. Lindheimeriana, Scheele in LinncEa, 22. p. 156. Moist prairies, near New Braunfels. August. Planics Lindheimeriana. 227 430. A. coronopifolia, var. gracilis, foliis minus divisis, capitulis minoribus. A. glandulosa, Scheele, l. c. p. 157. In the gravel of the dry bed of the Cibolo. September. (640.) Franseria tenuifolia, Gray $■ Harv. in PL Fendl. p. 80; var. tripinnatifida : segmentis foliorum cre- bris brevioribus. — Mountain prairies of the Liano, along the margin of thickets. November. — This pretty clearly belongs to the same species as the plant which Fendler collected at Santa Fe; but all the lower leaves are tripinnately parted, their segments shorter and broader ; and only the upper bipinnately parted leaves have the terminal lobes prolonged. The fertile involucre, in the specimens examined, is only one- celled and one-flowered ; and so it sometime* is in Fendler's specimen. It is, like that, minutely scabrous-pubescent, and the spines, which are more developed and more numerous than in Fendler's plant, but much shorter than in F. Hoolce- riana, all have uncinate points. 431. Hale a Texana, Gray, PL Fendl. p. 83. Tetrago- notheca Texana, Gray dy Engehn. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. 1. p. 48. Tetragonosperma lyratifolium, Scheele in Linncea, 22. p. 167. Upper Guadaloupe and Cibolo Rivers, on rocky ridges. April. Also gathered by Mr. Wright. — In cultiva- tion here it blossoms through the summer. The minute pappus is apt to escape notice, except in the living plant. (94.) Echinacea angustifolia, DC. On the Pierdenales, Comanche Spring, dec. May. " Root very pungent. Flow- ers somewhat fragrant. 2 ' f Rudbeckia bicolor, Nutt. Pierdenales. June. In cultivation, the brown-purple color is commonly obsolete or wanting on the ligules of all the later heads. (641.) Dracopis amplexicaulis, Cass. ; DC. Prodr. 5. p. 558 ; var. ligulis basi atropurpureis. On the Pierdenales. June. (642.) Lepachys columnaris /?. pulcherrima, Torr. &f Gray, Fl. 2. p. 315. Rich, clayey prairies, New Braunfels. June. 228 Planta Lindheimeriana. 432. Aldama uniserialis. Gymnopsis uniserialis, Hook. lc. PI. t. 145 ; Ton. &f Gray, Fl. 2. p. 317. Shady woods, On Comale Creek. June — August. In this and the allied species, united by De Candolle with Gymnolomia, H. B. K., under the common name of Gymnopsis, " the remarkable manner in which the fertile achenia of the disk are inclosed in the paleaB of the receptacle, like those of the ray-flowers in Melampodium, seems fully to warrant the retaining for them Llave and Lexarsa's generic name, Aldama." Benth. Voy. Sulph. p. 116. 433. Simsia (Barrattia : achenia calva glabra) calva. Barrattia calva, Gray fy Engelm. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. 1. p. 40. Rocky hills and terraces, often under shrubby live oak, along the Guadaloupe and Pierdenales. July - C ctober. — Root fleshy, perennial. Size and number of the rays very variable. — The discovery of an allied species with a slightly biaristulate or bidentate pappus, as described in Planta, Fend- leriana, p. 85., invalidates the character of the genus Bar- rattia, which we had established on this plant. Although the want of a pappus would refer it to a different Candol- lean division of Helianthece, it cannot now be generically distinguished from the genus Simsia. ■f Viguiera brevipes, DC. Prodr. 5. p. 578. Rocky hill tops, on the Upper Guadaloupe. October. — The same form was collected in Western Texas by Mr. Wright. It agrees with the character in the Prodromus. 434. V. brevipes, /?. foliis plerisque rhomboideo-ovatis membranaceis. V. Texana, Torr. fy Gray, FL 2. p. 318. Helianthella latifolia, Scheele in Linncea, 22. p. 160. Mar- gin of woods and on bushy slopes, New Braunfels. July - October. (96.) Helianthus cucumerifolius, Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 2. p. 320. New Braunfels. — This is probably H. Lindheimeri- anus, Scheele in Linncea, 22. p. 159. But it is not perennial. (259.) Helianthus lenticularis, Dough; Torr. &f Gray, Fl 2. p. 319. Prairies on the Guadaloupe. July. Planice Lindhcimeriance. 229 (643.) Actinomeris (AcHiETA) Wrightii, Gray, PL Fcndl. p. 85. Upper Guadaloupe, at Pinta's Crossing, on rocky soil, in open woods. June. — Plant 1-3 feet high, with few branches and heads, rigid. f Coreopsis Drummondii, Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 2. p. 345. Bottom woods near Victoria. February. f C. tinctoria, Nutt. ; Torr. &f Gray, I. c. Margin of woods and praries, Comale Creek; common. July. — The plant, No. 441, noticed under 397, in PL Feudleriance as C. tinctoria, is not that species, but C. cardaminefolia, DC, which species we have also in cultivation, from Texas. 435. Bidens chrysanthemoides, Michx. ; Torr. fy Gray, FL 2. p. 352. Banks of streams, New Braunfels. October. 436. Lipochjeta Texana, Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 2. p. 357. Naked hills and margin of woods, New Braunfels and Upper Guadaloupe. June - September. — Ray-achenia three-angled, more or less three-winged ; the conspicuous wings of the lateral angles confluent at the summit; the ventral wing nar- row, dilated at the summit. Achenia of the disk narrowly two-winged at the apex. Awns fragile, thickened at the base and united with the confluent, firm, chaffy scales. (644.) Hymenatherum Wrightii, Gray, PL Fendl. p. 89. Sandy soil, in Post-Oak woods, on the Pierdenales. June. 437. (646.) AGASSIZIA, Gray fy Engelm. Capitulum globosum, multiflorum, radiatum ; ligulis fcemi- niis nunc difformibus. Involucrum disco brevius, circa biseri- ale ; squamis exterioribus lineari-oblongis appendicula spathu- lata vel obtusa foliacea patente instructis, intimis lineari- acuminatis. Receptaculum globosum, alveolatum ; alveolis valde dentatis fimbrilliferis. Ligulse cuneatse, palmato-3-4- fidae, ssepe irregulares seu tubuloso-diflbrmes, vestigia stami- num gerentes. Corolla disci Gaillardiae, dentibus triangulari- lanceolatis. Styli rami ligularum lineares, subulato-apiculati ; fl. disci ad basin appendicis brevissimoe nudse clavato-obtusoe penicillati ! Achenia turbinata, sericeo-villosissima. Pappus journal e. s. n. h. 30 jan. isao. 230 Planta LindheimerianfB. radii et disci conformis, e paleis 9 hyalinis ovatis uninerviis constans, nervo in aristam capillarem corollam adaequantem longe producto. — Herba biennis, acaulis; radice fusiformi ; foliis varie 1 -2-pinnatifidis, nunc sinuatis lyratisve ; scapo l_2-pedali, toto nudo, monocephalo. Capitulum Gaillardia?, speciosum. Flores suaveolentes, disci flavi et purpurei, radii rubescentes vel atrorubri. 437. A. suavis, Gray §■ Engelm. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. 1. p. 50. Gaillardia odorata, Lindh. hied. G. simplex, Scheele in Linncea, 22. p. 160. Rocky prairies, near San Antonio and New Braunfels. April and May (646). — The genus is very near Gaillardia, from which it is distinguished by the fertile but usually deformed rays, the globose and alveolate receptacle, and by the style, the branches of which are tipped with a penicillate tuft, but not prolonged into a filiform hispid appendage ; and the habit is peculiar. The flowers are deliciously sweet-scented, the fragrance much like that of the Heliotrope ; the short rays are cherry-red or dark purple, and yellow only at the tip, as in several species of Gaillardia ; the earliest heads are rayless. The leaves vary from lyrate-pinnately parted, with linear segments, to obovate and barely-toothed or incised towards the base. — Agassizia, Chavannes, is Galvesia, Dombey. Agassizia, Spach, is Sphserostigma, Seringe, and Holostigma, Spach, by most authors received only as a subgenus of Oenothera. (103.) Gaillardia picta, Don. Near Victoria. More upright, and the deeply incised rays more cuneate than in the plant from Galveston. 1 438. Hymenopappus corymbosus, Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 2. p. 372. H. Engelmannianus, Kunth. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 3 Ser. 11. p. 229. (April, 1849) ex char. Prairies and margin of woods, in fertile, rather heavy soil, New Braunfels, he. April, May. Biennial. 1 I cannot make out what Gaillardia tuberculata, Scheele, I. c. p. 349, (described from Roemer's collection) can be; neither G. Kipmcriana, Scheele, I. c. p. 1G1, unless it be Aclinclla scaposa. Planted Lindheimerianes. 231 (645.) Helenium autumnale, Linn. : var. foliis rigidis. Grassy banks of Streamlets, Fredericksburg. October. 439. Actinella scaposa, Nutt. ; Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 2. p. 382. Gaillardia Roemeriana, Scheele in Linncea, 22. p. 161 ? Rocky prairies, Victoria and San Antonio. February - May. (648.) A. linearifolia, Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 2. p. 283. On sterile, rocky soil, New Braunfels. May. Prairies on the Pierdenales, in patches, on sandy soil. June. (647.) Marshallia c^spitosa, Nutt. in DC. Prodr. 5. p. 680. (PI. Lindh. supra, No. 110.) Var. caule folioso ! Rocky soil on the Upper Guadaloupe. April. (649.) Achillea Millefolium, Linn. : var. floribus roseis. Post Oak openings, on the Pierdenales. June. 440. Artemisia dracunculoides, Pursh. Fl. 2. p. 521 ; Torr. ^ Gray, Fl. 2. p. 416. In patches, near New Braun- fels. October. 441. A dracunculoides, var. foliis infimis trifidis vel in- cisis. Dry prairies, Upper Guadaloupe. September. f A. caudata, Michx. Fl. 2. p. 129 ; Torr. fy Gray, FL 2. p. 417. Sandy prairies of the Upper Pierdenales. October. 442. A. Ludoviciana, Nutt. Gen. 2. p. 143; Torr. &f Gray, Fl. 2. p. 420. A. cuneifolia, Scheele in Linncea, 22. p. 162. Dry and high prairies, especially on old ant hills. September. 443. A. vulgaris 8. Mexicana, Torr. fy Gray, I. c. ; var. foliis superioribus integerrimis angusto-lanceolatis linearibus supra glabris. (A. Lindheimeriana, Scheele in Linncea, 22. p. 163.) In patches in dry praries near New Braunfels. September. — The specimens accord with Texan ones of Drummond, cited in the Flora of North America. It is one of the forms that connect A. Ludoviciana with A. Vulgaris. 444. A. vulgaris 8. Mexicana, Torr. §• Gray, I. c. Nearly the same form as the last ; the lower leaves all fallen ; the upper entire. Dry bed of the Cibolo. September. f Gnaphalium pclycephalum, Michx. New Braunfels, &c. 445. Senecio aureus ?. Balsamit;e, Torr. &/■ Gray, Fl. 2. p. 442. High, rocky plains, Upper Guadaloupe. March, 232 Plantce Lindheimeriana. f S. Riddellii, Torr. fy Gray. Fl. 2. p. 444. Rocky hill- tops, between the Upper Guadaloupe and the Pierdenales, and in open Post-Oak woods. October. 446. Leria nutans, DC. Prodr. 7. p. 42. Cedar woods, in rocky soil, New Braunfels. March. 447. Apogon gracilis, D C. ! Prodr. 7. p. 78. In patches, on high, rocky prairies, New Braunfels. April. — Larger in all its parts than the ordinary A. humilis, and perhaps to be distinguished from it. 448 (& 650). Pinaropappus roseus, Less. Syn. p. 143 ; DC. Prodr. 5. p. 99. Troximon Roemerianum, Schetle in Linncea, 22. p. 165. High, rocky prairies, between Bexar and New Braunfels. April. Liguke white, a little reddish on the back. Roots penetrating very deeply. (651.) Lygodesmia aphylla /5. Texana, Torr. &f Gray, FL 2. p. 485. Calcareous soil, New Braunfels. May. — It often bears a tuber at the apex of the long root. The margi- nal achenia are more or less attenuated upwards, as is also the case in the Florida plant. %* No. 337, " Linum Boottii y. rupesire, p. 155, is cer- tainly a distinct species, as Dr. Engelmann had stated. It may be characterized as follows : — 337. Linum rupestre (Engehn. ined.) : perenne, glaber- rimum ; caulibus e radice lignescente plurimis strictis gracili- bus (1-2-pedalibus) striato-angulatis superne corymboso- paniculatis ; foliis lineari-subulatis mucronulatis ; glandulis stipularibus conspicuis post lapsum foliorum persistentibus ; pedicellis calyce subbrevioribus ; sepalis ovatis cuspidato- acuminatis margine glanduloso-ciliatis petalis flavis multoties brevioribus; filamentis sterilibus dentibusque plane nullis ; stylis a basi discretis ; capsula ovato-globosa calycem sequanti- bus, loculis bilocellatis. — Growing from the crevices of naked rocks, New Braunfels, also gathered at Comanche Spring, Planta Lindheimeriance. 233 July, 1849, in fruit. The leaves fall away early from the fructiferous plant, leaving the conspicuous stipular glands. Petals one third of an inch long. Capsule scarcely over a line in diameter. The collection of 1S49 furnishes an undescribed Passi- flora, viz. : — Passiflora affinis (Engelm. Mss.) : " herbacea, scandens, elata, glabra ; foliis trilobis subtus glaucis petiolisque eglandu- losis, inferioribus subcordatis, superioribus basi subacutis, lobis subaequalibus obovatis obtusis setaceo-mucronatis integris ; stipulis setaceis ; pedunculis binis petiolum sequantibus vel superantibus 3-bracteatis, cirrho intermedio elongato sim- plici ; petalis calycis lobis obtusis brevioribus et angustioribus (flavescentibus) ; baccis (cseruleo-atris) stipitem sequantibus. — Comanche Spring, climbing high over trees, in shady places. August- September. — Near P. lutea in aspect; from which it is distinguished by the bracteate peduncles, the deeply lobed leaves, the larger flowers, smaller seeds, &c. Lower leaves 3 inches long, and 4 wide, less deeply lobed than the upper, which are deeply divided. Petioles 4 -12 lines long. Peduncles 12-15 lines long. Bracts 3, rarely 2, subulate, oblanceolate, or obovate, mucronate, often distant. Flowers 16 lines in diameter; the fimbrillse as long as sepals. Stipe half an inch in length, longer in proportion than in any other of our species. Berry of the same diameter. Seeds ovate, mucronate, transversely rugose, smaller and more tur- gid than in P. lutea. — De Candolle's division of the genus, which would separate this species from P. lutea on account of the bracts, must be erroneous ; moreover, P. lutea has not " perigonium s. calycem 5-lobum, but 10-lobum,as well as our species." — Engelm. [To be continued.] 234 Planta Lindheimeriana. The following brief account of the region in which the present collection of plants was made, drawn up by Dr. Engelmann as a preface to this article, having been received too late to take its proper place, is here subjoined. " In November, 1844, Mr. Lindheimer left the neighbor- hood of the Brazos River, where he had made his collections in 1843 and 1844, and reached in January, 1845, the shores of the Matagorda Bay. In this and the following month he collected on the lower Guadaloupe. From thence he went up this river about one hundred miles. Here, where the Comale Creek empties into the Guadaloupe, the Association of Ger- man emigrants, with whom he had for the present joined his fortunes, selected a place for settlement, and laid the founda- tion of New Braunfels, now a flourishing town, and the county seat of Comale county. "The year 1845 was spent in exploring the country and making excursions in the mountainous region to the west and northwest, at that time very insecure, being the haunts of wild Indian tribes. "In the following year, 1846, Mr. Lindheimer made large collections in the interesting country about New Braunfels, at the same time giving much of his time and attention to the affairs of the colony. "The explorations of the year 1847 were extended north- west to the country watered by the Pierdenales River, where another German settlement, Friedrichsburg (or Frederiks- burg), had been founded. Collections were made partly here and partly near New Braunfels. Late in the fall an excursion in a northern direction into the granitic region of the Liano river furnished some interesting plants not observed before. "The year 1848 was spent principally on the Liano, where several new German settlements had been formed. But the country appeared to be less rich in botanical treasures than had been expected ; the burning sun of the summer months had almost destroyed the vegetation on the granitic soil, not refreshed for months by any rains. The Comanches, Weckos, Planfce Lindlieimeriance. 235 Tonkeways, and other Indian tribes of the west of Texas, became troublesome, and the frontier settlements had to be abandoned. "The spring of 1849 found Mr. Lindheimer farther south, at Comanche Spring, one of the headwaters of San Antonio River. He has now (in the spring of 1850) returned to New Braunfels, where he intends again to go over the as yet insufficiently explored country, the most diversified and richest in botanical treasures as yet seen by him in Texas. " The collections now distributed comprise those made in 1845 and 1846 (fascicle III) and 1847 and 1848 (fas- cicle IV). " I proceed now to give a short geographical and topo- graphical sketch of the country explored by Mr. Lindheimer. " Matagorda Bay, with its numerous branches, receives to the northeast the Colorado, one of the largest rivers of Texas. Southwest of the Colorado the smaller Guadaloupe River empties into the same bay after receiving not far from its mouth its southern branch, the San Antonio River. The headwaters of these rivers, together with the southern branches of the upper Colorado, drain the country investigated by Mr. Lindheimer since 1845. " The coast of the bay itself forms a level saline plain, sandy with comminuted shells. Cakile, (Enothera Drum- mondi, and Teucrium Cubense are characteristic plants: a little farther off are found Berberis trifoliolata, Acacia Farne- siana, a shrubby Erythrina, groves of Sophora speciosa, Con- dalia, some large Yuccas, and large Opuntias with humbler Cactacese beneath them. " Some miles higher up the rivers, on clayey soil, solitary Elms and Palm trees are seen ; the prairies have a stiff, black soil thickly matted with grass. The prevalent tree now be- comes the Live Oak along the rivers, as well as in small groves on the prairies : higher up on the rivers the Water Oak and the Spanish Oak (Q. falcata) are found mixed with the Live 236 Planted LindheimeriaiKZ. Oak. Swampy places are often densely covered with Mar- silea macropoda, like fields of clover. " Ten to twenty miles from the coast the country rises into the "rolling prairies." Along the rivers Quercus macro- carpa, Taxodium distichum, and Carya oliva3formis constitute large forests of vigorous growth. The groves of the prairies are principally formed by Sophora speciosa, Condalia obovata, and Diospyros Texana. The prairies themselves are richly studded by flowers, among which the blue and fragrant Lu- pinus Texensis and different species of red and yellow Casti- lejas are most conspicuous. "About one hundred miles from the coast the country becomes hilly ; conglomerate rocks are frequently seen ; the streams are more rapid and clear and often expose horizontal strata of cretaceous rocks. Elm and Cypress are the principal trees along the rivers ; Sycamores, Linden, and Hackberry are sparsely mixed with them. Many curious shrubs, among them the Ungnadia, are found in these river-forests. Here, also, the Muskit trees (Algarobia) make their first appearance, indicating the region of the Arborescent Mimosese ; they form open woods, where the level ground, often overflowed in the rainy season, brings forth abundance of the thin and wiry but nutritious " Muskit grasses " (Aristida, Atheropogon, and others). Many other interesting plants are found in these " Muskit-flats." " In this region, and at the base of the first plateau, are located the towns of San Antonio, New Braunfels, and Austin, in a delightful climate, where snow or ice are rarely seen, and where the summer heat, tempered by the sea- breezes, never becomes uncomfortable. The spring, which at the coast sets in in January and early February, com- mences here a month or six weeks later. During the sum- mer the weather is usually dry, and the vegetation languishes, but the rains of the latter part of August and September soon cause the whole country again to be clothed in fresh verdure. PlantcB Lindheimeriancc. 237 Many plants then bloom a second time ; some, indeed, in this fertile climate, bloom oftener than that, almost after every period of rains. " A short distance north of this region, steep and sterile declivities, covered by loose rocks, rise to the first plateau, just mentioned. The high plains which are now reached are mostly sterile and stony, and often large faces of naked rocks are exposed. Many interesting plants mentioned in this catalogue, are peculiar to these plains : the smaller Cactaceae, Echinocactus setispinus, Cereus caespitosus, several Mammil- lariae, and prostrate Opuntiae grow here ; different species of Yucca are common ; the curious and stately Dasylirion is here first met with. The trees of this region are Elms and Cedar among the rocks, and Cedar again, finely developed, along the banks of the streams, where Cercis occidentalis, the shrubby Red Bud, forms thickets. Juglans fruticosa and Morus parvifolia are here found ; the Live Oak dwindles down to a shrub ; and low bushes of Vitis rupestris, the mountain grape, cover large tracts of these plains. " Twenty to thirty miles farther northwest the country rises again and becomes more hilly, and regular conic or pyramidal elevations, often showing the horizontal strata of the cretace- ous limestone exposed in naked terraces, rise one behind the other, producing many peculiar plants. The valleys between them are often wide, with a thin soil, covered with grass and often with sparse Post Oaks ; or they are narrower, without any timber, but more fertile. The springs are here numerous and beautifully limpid, of a temperature of about 67 or 68 degrees; the streams clear and rapid. The beds of the larger watercourses are often entirely dry in summer, leaving a wide, stony, or pebbly bed or naked rocks, abounding with interesting plants. The banks of the deeper streams are thickly covered with stately Cypress trees. " A few miles north of the Pierdenales the first outlier of the granitic formation is seen, which is found extensively developed on the Liano. The vegetation here begins to show JOURNAL B. S. N. H. 31 JA.N. 1850. 238 Plantce Lindheimeriaruz. analogies to that of New Mexico. Here the winters are pretty cold, the springs late, the summers excessively hot, the soil generally thin, and therefore the prospects of the settlers unfavorable. " I add a few details of localities and distances, which may not be found on the common maps. " Green Lake and Caritas River are in the low lands near Matagorda Bay. Victoria is a town a little higher up on the lower Guadaloupe. New Braunfels on the Comale Creek and Guadaloupe River, is about one hundred miles to the northwest of the Bay, twenty-five miles northeast of San Antonio, and forty-five miles southwest of Austin, the present capital of Texas. The road from New Braunfels to San Antonio crosses the Cibolo, one of the confluents of San Antonio River, which runs in a wide and pebbly, and often dry bed. The Salado, one of the heads of which is the often-mentioned Comanche Spring, is another branch of San Antonio river, and such, farther south, are the Leona and the Medina. " In going west from New Braunfels we reach, fifty-five miles from that town, the upper waters of the Guadaloupe, the so-called Guadaloupe crossings on the Pinto-trail. Sev- eral small streams in this neighborhood, Spring Creek, Wasp Creek, Three Creeks, and Sabinas (or Cypress Creek) are often mentioned as localities of different plants. "North of this the road crosses several high ridges, (where, among other plants, Guajacum angustifolium, and in deep, clear ponds Chara translucens, were discovered,) and reaches, sixty miles from the Guadaloupe, the Pierdenales, one of the branches of Colorado River. The town of Friedrichs- burg is built near the Pierdenales in a rather barren, sandy region, thinly scattered with Post Oaks. " About thirty-five miles north of this the granitic region of the Llano or Liano is reached. The San Saba runs thirty miles farther north. " The Flora of the country east of the Brazos River bears 240 Plantce Lindheimeriance. mention is several times made of " deserted ant-hills." Further investigation has shown that these hills are formed by loose earth brought by these ants out of their subterranean exca- vations. These consist of oblique tubes, some eight or nine inches wide, others only half an inch in diameter ; they sometimes reach a depth of thirty or forty feet. In the greatest depth are their granaries, containing often many bushels, and it is said, even wagon-loads, of corn and other grain. These ants are also common about New Braunfels, and this or another species has occasionally been found to be quite destructive to Mr. Lindheimer's collections." G. Engelmann. ERRATA. Page 14S, line 17 for " brevioribus " read breviore. " " line 18, for " subasqualibus aut longioribus " read subccquali aut longiore. " 1 53, line 3, for " piloso " read folioso. " " line 18, for " stigma " read stigmata. " 155, line 7 from bottom, for " glandular, hairy " read glandular-hairy. " " line 11 " " for " axillte " read axillas. " 153, line 10 " " for " Texana " read Texanum. " " lines 2 & 4 " for " foliis " read foliolis. t( 160, line 22, for " M. Weightii" read Malvastrum Wrightii. " 161, line 21, for " A. Texense " read Abutilon Texense. " 163, line 8 from bottom, for "pedicellas solitarias s. fasciculatas " read pe- dicellos solitarios s. fasciculatos. " 174, line 10 from bottom, for " squamosis " read squarrosis. " 177, line 6 " " for " tomento " read lomento. " 179, line 13 " " for " 24 - 30-juga " read 24 - 30-foliolata. Plantce Lindheimeriana. 239 considerable resemblance to that of the southern United States. But south of the Brazos, and still more south of the Colorado, the character of the vegetation changes ; it assumes the peculiarity of the flora of the Rio Grande valley, which I have tried to characterize in Wislizenus's Report. The flora of the Rio Grande connects the North American with the Mexican f'ora, and has also many peculiar plants of its own, some of which have for the first time been distributed in Lind- heimer's collections : such are the interesting Rutosma, the only American Rutacea known ; Galphimia linifolia, the most northern Malpighiacea; several shrubby Mimosese ; an ever- green Rhus ; Sophora speciosa ; the Eysenhardtia ; a number of Nyctaginaceoe ; the Dasylirion, and many others enume- rated in this catalogue. The ligneous plants become shrubby and often thorny, and here the chaparals, so famous in north- ern Mexico, make their first appearance. " Towards the northwest the granitic soil produces a num- ber of plants, which indicate a connection with the flora of New Mexico, and again with that of our western plains. " In the neighborhood of New Braunfels the effects of cultivation on the distribution of plants are already apparent. Helianthus lenticularis, Verbesina Virginica, Croton ellipti- cum, Nycterium lobatum, different Cenopodiacece and Ama- ranthaceae are becoming very common in cultivated places ; but others, Digitaria sanguinalis, for example, so common in eastern Texas, have not yet made their appearance. In Cedar woods Leria nutans, in damp bottom woods Dicliptera brachiata, on dry prairies the small blue Evolvulus, are getting much more abundant ; while Pinaropappus roseus, Fedia stenocarpa and others are much rarer than they used to be in the first years of the settlement of the country. "In the catalogue of the collections of 1843 and 1844, (H*i) Botany TO -r " • • C ATALOGl'E OF PL A N T S :::::—" BY LIEUTENANT rRZMOHT EXPEDITION" TO THE BOCKY MOUNTAINS. BT JOHN TORREY. PREFACE. The collection of plants submitted to me for examination, though made under unfavorable circumstances, is a very interesting contribution to North American botany. From the mouth of the Kansas river to the "Red Buttes,'' on the North fork of the Platte, the transportation was effected in carts ; but from that place to and from the mountains, the explorations were made on horseback, and by such rapid movements, (which were necessary, in order to accomplish the objects of the expedition, ) that but little opportunity was afforded for collecting and drying botanical speci- mens. Besides, the party was in a savage and inhospitable country, sometimes annoyed by Indians, and frequently in great distress from want of provisions ; from which circumstances, -and the many pressing duties that constantly engaged the attention of the commander, he was not able to make so large a collection as he desired. To give some general idea of the country explored by Lieutenant Fremont, I recapitulate, from his repoit, a brief sketch of his route. The expedition left the mouth of the Kansas on the 10th of June, 1842^ and, proceeding up that river about one hundred miles, then continued its course generally along the "bottoms" of the Kansas tributaries, but sometimes passing over the upper prairies. The soil of the river bottoms is always rich, and generally well timbered ; though the whole region is what is called a prairie country. The upper prairies are an immense deposite of sand and gravel, covered with a good, and, very generally, a rich soil. Along the road, on reaching the little stream called Sandy creek, (a tributary of the Kansas,) the soil became more sandy. The rock formations of this region are limestone and sandstone. The amorpha canescens was the characteristic plant ; it being in many places as abundant as the grass. Crossing over from the waters of the Kansas, Lieutenant Fremont arrived at the Great Platte, two hundred and ten miles from its junction with the Missouri. The valley of this river, from its mouth to the great forks, is about four miles broad, and three hundred and fifteen miles long. It is rich, well timbered, and covered with luxuriant grasses. The purple liatris scariosa, and several asters, were here conspicuous features of the vegetation. I was pleased to recognise, among the specimens collected near the forks, the fine large-flowered asclepias, that I described many years ago in my account of James's Rocky Mountain Plants, under the name of A. speciosa, and which Mr. Geyer also found in Nicollet's expedition. It seems to be the plant subsequently described and figured by Sir W. Hooker, under the name of A. Douglasii. On the Lower Platte, and all the way to the Sweet Water, the showy cleome integrifolia occurred in abundance. From the Forks to Laramie river, a distance of about two hundred miles, the country may be called a sandy one. The valley of the North fork is without timber ; but the grasses are fine, and the herbaceous plant3 abundant. On the return of the expedition in _ September, Lieutenant Fremont says the whole country resembled a vast garden ; but the prevailing plants were two or three species of kellanthus, (sunflower.) Between the main forks of the Platte, from the junction, as high up as Laramie's fork, the formation consisted of marl, a soft earthy limestone, and a granite sandstone. At the latter place, that singular leguminous plant, the kentrophyia montana of Nuttall was first seen, and then occurred at intervals to the Sweet Water river. Following up the North fork, Lieutenant Fremont arrived at the mouth of the Sweet Water river, one of the head waters of the Platte. Above Laramie's fork to this place, the soil is generally sandy. The rocks consist of limestone, with a variety of sandstones, (yellow, gray, and red argillaceous,) with compact gypsum or alabas- ter, and fine conglomerates. [ 174 ] 84 The route along the North fork of the Platte afforded some of the best plants in the collection. The senecio rapi folia, Nutt., occurred in many places, quite to the Sweet Water ; lippia (zapania) cuneifolia (Torr. in James's plants, only known before from Dr. James's collection :) cercocarpus par- vifolius, Nutt. ; eriogonum parvifulium, and coespitosum, Nutt.; shepherdia argentea, Nutt., and geran turn Fremontii, a new species, (near the Red Buttes,) were found in this part of the journey. In saline soils, on the Upper Platte, near the mouth of the Sweet Water, were collected several interesting Cheuopodiaceje, one of which was first discovered by Dr. James, in Long's expedition ; and although it was considered as a new genus, I did not describe it, owing to the want of the ripe fruit. It is the plant doubtfully referred by Hooker, in his Flora Boreali Americana, to Batis. He had seen the male flowers only. As it is certainly a new genus, I have dedicated it to the excellent commander of the expedition, as a well-merited compliment for the services he has rendered North American botany. The Sweet Water valley is a sandy plain, about one hundred and twenty miles long, and gen- erally about five miles broad ; bounded by ranges of granitic mountains, between which the valley formation consists, near the Devil's gate, of a grayish micaceous sandstone, with marl and white clay. At the encampment of August 5th- 6th, there occurred a fine white argillaceous sandstone, a coarse sandstone or pudding-stone, and a white calcareous sandstone. A few miles to the west of that position, Lieutenant Fremont reached a point where the sandstone rested immediately upon the granite, which, thenceforward, along his line of roufp, alternated with a compact mica slate. Along the Sweet Water, many interesting plants were collected, as may be seen by an examina- tion of the catalogue ; I would, however, mention the curious Oenothera Nuttallii, Torr. and Gr. ; eurotia ianata, Mocq. ; (Diotis lanata, Pursh.,) which seems to be distinct from E. ceratoides ; thermopsis montanu, Nutt. ; gilia pulche/la, Dough ; senecio spartioides, Torr. and Gr. ; a new species, and four or five species of wild currants, (vibes irriguum, Dougb, &c. ) Near the mouth of the Sweet Water was found the plant ago eriophora, Torr., a species first described in my Dr. James's Rocky Mountain Plants. On the upper part, and near the dividing ridge, were collected several species of castilleja ,■ penlstemon micrantha, Nutt: several gentians ,■ the pretty little androsacc occidentals, Nutt. ; solidago incana, Torr. and Gr. ; and two species of eriogonum, one of wliich was new. On the 8th of August, the exploring party crossed the dividing ridge or pass, and found the soil of the plains at the foot of the mountains, on the western side, to be sandy. From Laramie's fork to this point, different species of artemisia were the prevailing and characteristic plants ; occupying the place of the grasses, and filling the air with the odor of camphor and turpentine. Along Little Sandy, a tributary of the Colorado of the West, were collected a new species of pkuca (P. digi- tata,) and parnassia jimlriata. On the morning of the 10th of August, they entered the defiles of the Wind river mountains, a spur of the Rocky mountains, or northern Andes, and among which they spent about eight days. On the borders of a lake, embosomed in one of the defiles, wire collected sedum rhodiola, DC., (which had been found before, south of Kotzebue's sound, only by Dr. James :) senecio hydrophi- lus, Nutt. ; Vaccinium uliginosum ; behtla glandulosa, and B. ucddentalis, Hook. ; eleagnus argentea, and shepherdia Canadensis. Spine of the higher peaks of the Wind river mountains rise one thousand feet above the limits of peiSktual snow. /{Lieutenant Fremont, attended by four of his men, ascended one of the loftiest peaks aBthe 15th of August- On this he found the snow line twelve thousand five hundred feet above the lerel of the stfa. The vegetation of the mountains is truly alpine, embracing a considerable number of species 'Jffommon to both hemispheres, as well as some that are peculiar to North America. Of the' formae Lieutenant Fremont collected pleura alpinum ; oxyriareniformis; Veronica alpina ,• several species of salix,- carex atrata ; C.panicea,- and, immediately below the line of perpetual congelation, silene acaulh, and polemonium cceruleum, /? Hook. Among the alpine plants peculiar to the western hemisphere, there were found oreophila rnyriij-Iia, Nutt. ; aquibgia coerulea, Torr. ; pedicularis sirrecla, .Jenth. ; pulmonaria ciliata t James; silene Drttr&tnondii, Hook. ; menzicsia empetriformis, poientilla gi acilis, Dougl. ; ser- 85 [ 174 ] eral species ofpinus,- frasera speciosa, Hook. ; dodecatheon dcntatum, Hook. ; phlox muscoides, Nutt. ; senecio Fremonlii, n. sp., Torr. and Gr. ; four or five asters, and vaccinium myrtilloides, Mx. ; the last seven or eight very near the snow line. Lower down the mountain were found arnica angustifolia, Vahl. ; senecio triangularis, Hook. ; S. subnudus, DC. ; macrorhynchus troximoidcs, Torr. and Gr. ; helianthella unifiora, Torr. and Gr. ; and linosyris viscidijlora, Hook. The expedition left the Wind river mountains about the 18th of August, returning by the same route as that by which it ascended, except that it continued its course through the whole length of the Lower Platte, arriving at its junction with the Missouri on the 1st of October. As the plants of Lieutenant Fremont were under examination while the last part of the Flora of North America was in the press, nearly all the new matter relating to the Compositae was inserted in that work. Descriptions of a few of the new species were necessarily omitted, owing to the report of the expedition having been called for by Congress before I could finish the necessary analyses and comparisons. These, however, will be inserted in the successive numbers of the work to which I have just alluded. JOHN TORREY. New York, March, 1843. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. Class I.— EXOGENOUS PLANTS. RANUNCULACEJE. Clematis Virginiana, (Linn. ) Valley of the Platte. June, July. Ranunculus scelcatus, (Linn.) Valley of the Sweet Water river. August 1 8- 20. R. cymbalaria, (Pursh.) Upper Platte. July 31, August. Aquilegia coerulea, (Torr. ) Wind river mountains. August 13-16. Aetata rubra, (Bigel.) Upper Platte. August 26-31. Thalictrum Cornuti, (Linn.) Platte. T. megacarpum, n. sp. Upper Platte. August 26-31. MENISPERMACE.E. Menispermum Canadense, (Linn. ) Leaves only. On the Platte. BERBERIDACEJE. Berberis aquifolium, (Torr. and Gr. ) Wind river mountains. August 13-16. PAPAVERACEJE. Argemone Mexicana /? albiflnra, (DC.) Forks of the Platte. July 2. CRUCIFERiE. Nasturtium palustre, (DC .) Black hills of the Platte. July 26, August. Erysimum cheiranthoides, (Linn.) Black hills. July 23. E. asperum, (Nutt.) South fork of the Platte. July 4. Pachypodium, (Thelypodium, Endl. Gen. p. 876,) integrifolium, (Nutt.) North fork of the Platte. September 4. Var. with longer pods. With the preceding. Vesicaria didymocarpa, (Hook.) Leaves only. North fork of the Platte, above the Red Butte3. July 30. Braya, n. sp. Wind river mountains, near the limits of perpetual snow. August 1 5. Lepidium ruderale, (Linn.) On the Platte. June 29. CAPPARIDACE^E. Cleome integrifolia, (Torr. and Gr. ) From the Lower Platte nearly to the mountains. June 29 t July 2, August 21. Polanisia trachysperma, (Torr. and Gr.) Black hills of the Platte. July 23. POLYGALACE^E. Polygala alba, (Nutt.) P. Beyrichii, (Torr- and Gr.) Forks of the Platte. July 2. DROSERACE.E. Parnassia fimbriata, (Banks. ) Little Sandy creek, defiles of the Wind river mountains. Aug. 8. CARYOPHYLLACEiE. Arenavia congesta, (Nutt.) Highest parts of the Wind river mountains. August 13-16. Silene Drummondii, (Hook.) With the preceding. S. acaulis, (Linn.) Wind river mountains, at the limits of perpetual snow. [ 174 ] 88 PORTULACACE.«. laUnum parvifxrrum, (Nutt.) Little Blue river of the Kansas. June 26 LINACEiE. Linum rigidum, (Pursh.) North fork of the Pl.itte. July 8. L. perenne, (Linn.) Black hills to the Sweet Water of the Platte. August 2-3L GERANIACE^E. Geranium Fremontii, n. sp. Black hills. August 26-3 1 . 0XALIDACEJ2. Oxalis stricta, (Linn. ) On the Kansas. June. ANACARDIACEJ3. Rhus trihbata, (Nutt.) Red Buttes. July 29. MALVACEAE. Malva pedata, (Torr. and Gr.) Big Blue river of the Kansas. June 21. M. involucrata, (Torr. and Gr ) Little Blue river of the Kansas. June 23. Sida coccinea, (DC.) Little Blue river to the south fork of the Platte. June 22, July 4. VITACE.E. Titis riparia, (Michx.) Grand island of the Platte. September 19. ACERACE^E. Negundo aceroides, (Mcench.) On the lower part of the Platte. CELASTRACE.E. Oreophila myrtifolia, (Nutt.) Summit of the Wind river mountains. August 13-14, RHAMNACE^. Ceanothus velutinus, (Dougl. ) With the preceding. C Americanus, var. sanguineus. C. sanguineus, (Pursh.) On the Platte. C. mollissimus, n. sp. Near the Kansas river. June 19. LEGUMINOS.^. Lathyrus linearis, (Nutt. ) On the Platte, from its confluence with the Missouri to Fort Laramie; September 2-30. Amphicarpoea monoica, (Torr. and Gr.) North fork of the Platte. September 4. Apios tuberosa, (Mcench.) Forks of the Platte. September 13. Glycyrhiza lepidota, (Pursh.) From near the Kansas river to the Black hills of the Platte. June 21, July 25. Psorulea Jloribunda, (Nutt.) Forks of the Platte. July 2. P. campestris, (Nutt. ?) and a more glabrous variety. With the preceding. July 2. P. lanceolata, (Pursh.) Black hills of the Platte. July 24. P. argophylla, (Pursh.) Little Blue river. June 23. P. tenuifiora, (Pursh.) (no flowers.) Forks of the Platte. September 12. Petalostemonviolaceum, (Michx.) Big Blue river of the Kansas, &c. June 21. P. candidum, (Michx.) Red Buttes. July 29. Amorpha fruticosa, (Linn.) From the Lower Platte to the mountains. August 8, September 19. A. canescens, (Nutt.) Kansas and Lower Platte rivers. June 19, September 20. Lespedeza capitata, (Michx. ) Mouth of the Platte. September 30. Desmodium acuminatum, (DC.) Little Blue river of the Kansas. June 22. 89 C 174 ] Astragalus gracilis, (Nutt.) Forks of the Platte. July 2. A. mollssimus, (Torr.) Valley of the Platte. June 29. A. hypoglotlis, (Linn.) Sweet Water of the Platte. August 5. Oxytropis Lambertii, (Pursh.) Big Blue river of the Kansas to the forks of the Platte. June 20, July 2. O. Plattensis, (Nutt. ?) (no flowers.) Goat island of the Upper Platte. July 31. Phaca astragalina, (DC.) Highest summits of the Wind river mountain. August 15. P. elegans, (Hook.) var.? Goat island of the Upper Platte. July 31. P. (Orophaca) digitata, n. sp. Little Sandy river. August 8. P. longifolia, (Nutt.) (leaves only.) Wind river mountains. August 12-17. Kentrophyta montana, (Nutt.) Laramie river to the Sweet Water. July 14, August 5. Luphius leucopbyllm, (Lindl.) Wind river mountains, and Sweet Water of the Platte. August 4-21. L. ornatus, (Dougl.) L. leucopsis, (Agardh.) With the preceding. Baptisia leucantha, (Torr. andGr.) Kansas river. Thermopsis montana, (Nutt.) Sweet Water river. August 5. Cussiachamcecrista, (Linn.) Mouth of the Platte. September 30. Schrankia uncinata, (Willd.) Kansas and Platte rivers. June 19, September. Durlingtonia brachypoda, (DC.) On the Platte. September 17. ROSACEA. Cerasus Virghiiana, (Torr. and Gr.) Upper north fork of the Platte. July 30. Cercocarpus parvifolius, (Nutt.) Bitter creek, north fork of the Platte. July 22. Purshiatridentata, (DC.) Sweet Water river, &c. August 12, September. Geum Virginianum, (Linn.) Kansas river. June 20. Sibbaldia procumbens, (Linn.) Wind river mountains, near perpetual snow. August 13-14.. PotentiUa gracilis, (Dougl.) With the preceding. P. diversi folia, (Lehm.) Sweet Water of the Platte to the mountains. August 4-15. P. sericea, (i glabrata, (Lehm. ) With the preceding. P. fruticosa, (Linn. ) With the preceding. P. anserina, (Linn.) Black hills of the Platte. July 26-31. P. arguta, (Pursh.) Little Blue river of the Kansas, and Black hills of the Platte. June 23,. August 28. Rubus strigosus, (Michx.) Defiles of the Wind river mountains. August 1.2-17. Amelanchier diversifolia, var. alnifolia, (Torr. and Gr. ) Sweet Water of th« Platte. August 5. Rosablanda, (Ait.) Lower Platte. R. foliolosa, (Nutt. ) var. leiocarpa. With the preceding. ONAGRACE^E. Epilobium coloratum, (Muhl.) Black hills of the Platte to the Sweet Water river. Aug. 4-3L E. spicatum, (Lam.) From the Red Buttes to the Wind river mountains. August 13-31. (Enothera albicaulis, (Nutt.) North fork of the Platte. July 14. (E. Missouriemis, (Sims.) Big Blue river of the Kansas. June 19-20. (E. trichocalyx, (Nutt.) North fork of the Platte. July 30. \ intermedia, (DC.) A small form of the plant. On the Platte. L. punctata, (Hook.) Black hills of the Platte. August 29. Brickellia grandijiora, (Nutt.) North fork of the Platte. Aster integr if alius, (Nutt. ) Base of the Wind river mountains. A. adscendens, (Lindl.) Wind river mountains. Var. Fremontii, with the preceding. The highest summits to the limits of perpetual snow. August 16. A. loevis, (Linn.) North fork of the Platte. A. Novi-Be/gii, (Linn.) Sweet Water of the Platte. August 22. . A. cordifolius, (Linn.) Lower Platte. A. multiflorus, (1 (Torr. and Gr.) Upper Platte, &c. A.falcatus, (Lindl.) Black hills to the Sweet Water. July 30, August. A. laxifolius, (Nees.) On the Platte, from its mouth to the forks. September 12-30. 91 [ 174 ] A. oblongifolius, (Nutt.) Lower Platte, &c. A. Novse-Anglix, (Linn.) Lower Platte to the Wind river mountains. Aug. 18-Sept 24, A. andinus, (Nutt.) Near the snow line of the Wind river mountains, Aug. 16. A. glacialis, (Nutt. ) With the preceding. A. salsuginosus, (Richards.) With the preceding. A. elegans, (Torr. and Gr. ) Wind river mountains. A. glaucus, (Torr. and Gr.) With the preceding. Dieteria viscosa, (Nutt. ) On the Platte. D- coronopifolia, (Nutt. ) With the preceding. D. pulverulenta , (Nutt.) Near D. sessiliflora. With the preceding. Erigeron Canadense, (Linn.) On the Platte, from near its mouth to the Red Buttes. Latter part of September to July 30. E. bellidiastrum, (Nutt.) On the Platte. E. macranthum, (Nutt.) With the preceding. E. glabellum, (Nutt.) With the preceding. E. strigosum, (Muhl.) With the preceding. Gutierrezia euthamise, (Torr. and Gr. ) Laramie river, Upper North fork of the Platte. Sept 3„ Solidago rigida, (Linn.) North fork of the Platte. S. Missouriensis, (Nutt. ) Fort Laramie, North fork of the Platte. July 22, to the mountains. ■S. speciosa, (Nutt.) Upper Platte. 5. virga-aurea, (Linn.) var. multiradiala, (Torr. and Gr.) Wind river mountain, from the height of 7,000 feet to perpetual snow. S. incana, (Torr. and Gr.) Sweet Water river. S. gigantea, (Linn.) var. /?. From the Platle to the mountains. Linosyris graveolens, (Torr. and Gr.) Sweet Water river. Aug. 20. L. viscidijlora, (Hook. ) Upper Platte. Aplopappus spinuhsus, (DC.) Fort Laramie, North fork of the Platte. Sept. 3. Grindetia squamosa, (Dunal.) Upper North fork of the Platte, and on the Sweet Water. July 22- Aug. 21. Chrysopsis hispida, (Hook.) On the Platte. C. mollis, (Nutt. ) With the preceding. Too near C. folioso, (Nutt. ) Iva axillaris, (Pursh.) Sweet Water river. Aug. 3. Franseria discolor, (Nutt. ) Near the Wind river mountains. Lepachys columnaris, (Torr. and Gr.) Little Blue river of the Kansas. June 26. Bahamorrhiza sagittata, (Nutt.) Wind river mountains. Helianthus petiolaris, (Nutt.) Black hills of the Platte. July 26. H. Maximiliani, (Schrad.) With the preceding. Helianthtlla unijlora, (Torr. and Gr. ) Wind river mountains. Coreopsis tindoria, (Nutt.) On the Platte. Cosmidium gracile, (Torr. and Gr.) Upper Platte. Bidens connata, (Muhl.) With the preceding. Hymenopappus corimbosus, (Torr. and Gr.) With the preceding. Aclinella grandijhra, (Torr. and Gr.) n. sp. Wind river mountains. Achillea millefolium, (Linn.) A. lanosa, (Nutt.) Upper Platte to the mountains- Artemisia biennis, (Willd.) On the Platte. A. cana, (Pursh.) Without flowers. With the preceding. A.Hridentata, (Nutt.) On the Sweet Water, near the mountains. A. JiV folia, (Torr.) South fork of the Platte, and North fork, to Laramie river. July 4-Sept. 3„ A. Canadensis, (Michx.) With the preceding. A. Ludoviciana, (Nutt.) Black hills of the Platte. July 26. A.frigida, (Willd.) Black hills to the mountains. [ 174 ] 92 A. Lewisii, (Torr. "and Gr. ? ) No Bowers. On the Platte. Sleplianomeria runcinata, (Nutt.) Upper Platte. Gnaphulium uliginosum,\{\Ami.) Var. foliis angustinribu*. Sweet Water river. G. palustre, (Nutt.) /?. (Torr. and Gr.) With the preceding. Arnica angusti folia, (Vahl.) A. fulgens, (Pursh.) Defiles of the Wind river mountains, from 7,000 feet and upwards. August 13-14. Senecio triangularis, (Hook.) 0. (Torr. and Gr.) With the preceding. S. subnudus, (DC.) With the preceding. S. Fremoniii, (Torr. and Gr.) n. sp. Highest parts of the mountains, to the region of perpetual snow. Aug. 15. 5. rapifolius, (Nutt.) North fork of the Platte and Sweet Water. S. lanceolalus, (Torr. and Gr. ) n. sp. With the preceding. S. hydrophilus, (Nutt.) On a lake in the Wind river mountains. Aug. 12-17. S. spartioides, (Torr. and Gr.) n. sp. Sweet Water river. Aug. 21. S. filifulius, (Nutt.) ft Fremontii, (Torr. and Gr.) Lower Platte. Cacalia tuberose, (Nutt. ) Upper Platte. Tetradymia inermis, (Nutt ) Sweet Water river, from its mouth to the highest parts of the Wind river mountains. Cirsium altissimum, (Spreng. ) Lower Platte. Crepis glauca, (Hook.) Upper Platte. Macrorhynchul (stylopappus) troximoides, (Torr. and Gr. ) Defiles of the Wind river mountains. Aug. 13-14. Mulgtdium pulchellum, (Torr. and Gr.) Black hills of the Platte. July 25 31. Lygodcsmia juncea, (Don.) Upper Platte. Troximon parvijhrum, (Nutt. ) Sweet Water river, near the mountains. LOBELIACEJ3. Lobelia spicata, (Lam.) On the Lower Platte. June 28. L. siphilitica, (Linn.) North fork of the Platte. Sept. 4. CAMPANULACEJE. Campanula rotundi folia, (Linn.) Lower Platte. Specularia amplexicaulus, (DC.) Little Blue river of the Kansas. ERICACEAE. FhyUodoce empetriformis, (D. Don.) Defiles of the Wind river mountains. Aug. 13-16. Vaccinium myrtilloides, (Hook.) Wind river mountains, in the vicinity of perpetual snow.. Aug. 15. V. uUginosum, (Linn.) With the preceding. Artostaphylos uva-ursi, (Spreng.) On a lake in the mountains. Aug. 12-17. PRIMULACEiE. Dodeattheon dentatum, (Hook.) Defiles of the Wind river mountains. Aug. 13-16. Androsace occidentalis, (Nutt.) Sweet Water river. Aug. 5. Lysimachia ciliata, (Linn.) Forks of the Platte. July 2.. Glaux maritima, (Linn.) Upper Noith fork of the Pla|*& • July 31. SCROPHULARiACE^E. • Qrthocarpus luleus, (Nutt.) Sweet Water river. Aug. 5. Mimulus ulsinoides, (Benth.) Defiles of the Wind river mountains. Aug. 13-16. M. Lewisii, (Pursh.) With the preceding. Castilieju pallida, (Kunth.) Sweet Water riyer. Aug. 8. 93 [ 174 ] e lines long, with a strong whitish cartilaginous border, shorter than the iiitemoacs. Flowers as large as thote of G. proJr'du, pe tamerous. Calyx two-thirds the Lngth of the coroila; the t^-eth about one- third the length of the tube. Plicae of the corolla scare, ly on^-ttiird as long as the lanceolate lobes. Stamens included; anthers oblong, somewhat cordate at tha base. Capsule in matu- rity, and after dehiscence, (in which state all our spe.imens were coileoei,) exserted quite be- yond the corolla, and, with its long stipe, resembling a style with a large bi.a.n.-lbte stigma. ' None of the capsules contained any seels. This species is nearly related to G. prustru-u, (Haenk,) and G. humiLs, (Stev.,) but the former has spatulate oi.tuse recurved leaves, anJ the latter entire plica;, which are nearly the length of tie corolla. In G. hum lit, an.: in the allied G. squarrosa, (Ledeb.,) foe cap*ule is exserted after dischargi g the sejdk Sweriia perennis, obtus.i, (Hook.) From Laramie river to the Bi^ liutter. Frasera speciosa, (Hook.) Defiles of the Wind river mountai s. August I -Ik Lisianikus RitstseLanus, (Hook.) Lower Platte to the forks. July-oeptemlxr. 95 [ 174 ] APOCYNACEJE. Apocynum cannabinum, (Linn.) On the Platte. ASCLEPIADACEJ3. Asclepias speciosa, (Torr, in Ann. Lye. N. York, ii, p. 218.— A Douglasii, Hook. PI. Bor.Am* ii, p. 53, t. 142.) Forks of the Platte. July 2. Collected also by Mr Nicollet in his North- western expedition. Hooker's plant differs in no essential characters from my A. speciosa, col- lected by Dr. James in Long's first expedition. A vertici/lata, (Linn.) Small variety. With the preceding. A. tuberosa, (Linn.) Kansas river. June 19. Anantherix nitidis, (Nutt.) Big Blue river of the Kansas. June 20. Acerates long! folia, (Ell. ) Polyotus longifolia. (Nutt.) With the preceding. A. angustifolius. Polyotus angustifolius. (Nutt ) With the preceding. OLEACE.E. Fraxinus platycarpa, (Michx. ) Leaves only. Lower Platte. PLANTAGINACEJE. Plantago eriopoda, (Torr., in Ann. Lye. N. York, ii, p. 237. ) Mouth of the Sweet Water. July 31, P. gnaphaloides, (Nutt.) Little Blue river of the Kansas. June 24. CHENOPODIACE-E. Chenopodium zosUri folium, (Hook,) Platte. > C. album, (Linn.) North fork of the Platte. July 12. Ollonc canescens, (Mocq. Chenop., p. 74.) Atriplex canescens. (Nutt.) Upper North fork of the Platte. July 26. Cyclohma plalyphylla, (Mocq., I. c. p. 18) Kochia dentata, (Willd.) North fork of the Platte. September 4. Sueda marUima, (Mocq., 1. c. p. 127.) With the preceding. Eurotia lanata, (Mocq., 1. c. p. 81.) Diotis lanata, (Pursh.) Red Buttes to the mountains. August 18-25. Fremuniia, n. gen. Flowers diclinous, monoecious and ? dioicous, heteromorphous. Stam. FI. in terminal aments. Scales eccentrically peltate, on a short stipe, angular, somewhat cuspidate up- ward. Stamens 2, 3, and 4 under each scale, naked, sessile ; anthers oblong. Pist. Fl. solitary, axillary. Peri~onium closely adhering to the lower half of the ovary, the border entire, nearly obsolete, but in fruit enlarging into a broad horizontal angular and undulate wing. Ovary ovate ; styles thick, divaricate ; stigmas linear. Fruit a utricle, the lower two-thirds covered with the indurated calyx, compressed. Seed vertical ; integument double. Embryo fiat-spiral, (2 to 3 turns,) green: radicle inferior; albumen none. F. vemdculari*. (Batis? vermkularis, Hook.) Fl. Bor. Amer. ii, p. 128. Upper North fork of the Platte, near the mouth of the Sweet Water. July 30. A low glabrous, diffusely branched shrub, clothed with a whitish bark. Leaves alternate, linear, fleshy, and almost semiterete, 6 to 1 2 lines long and 1 to 2 lines wide. Staminate aments about three-fourths of an inch long, cyl- indrical, at first dense, and composed of closely compacted angular scales, covering naked an- thers. Anthers very deciduous. Fertile flowers in the axils of the rameal leaves. Calyx closely adherent, and at first with only an obscure border or limb, but at length forming a wing 3 to 4 lines in diameter, resembling that of Salsola. This remarkable plant, which I dedicate to Lieutenant Fremont, was first collected by Dr. James about the sources of the Canadian, (in Long's expedition,) but it was omitted in my account of his plants, published in the Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History. It is undoubtedly the batis> vermicularis of Hooker, (1. c.,) collected on the harren grounds of the Oregon river by the late Mr. Douglas, who found it with only the staminate flowers. We have it now from a third locality, so that the plant must b& [ 174 96 widely diffused in the barren regions towards the Rocky mountains. It belongs to the sub-order spirolobesc of Meyer and Mocquin, but can hardly be referred to either the tribe suxdince or to sulsolae, differing from both in its diclinous heteromorphous flowers, and also from the latter in its flat-spiral, not cochleate embryo. NYCTAGINACE^. Oxybaphus nyctagineu, (Torr. in James's Rocky Mountain Plants.) Calymenia nyctaginea, (Nutt.) Kansas river, June 20. Abronia mellifera, (Dougl ) North fork of the Platte, July 7-12. A. (tripteroealyx) micranthum, n. sp. Viscid and glandularly pubescent; leaves ovate, undulate, obtuse, acute at the base, petiolatc; perianth funnel form, 4-lobed at the summit, 3 to 4 androus; achenium broadly 3-winged. — Near the mouth of Sweet Water river. August 1. Annual. Stem diffusely branched from the base, beginning to flower when only an inch high; the branches of the mature plant above a foot long. Leaves 1 to U inch in length; petioles about as long as the lamina. Heads axillary. Involucre 5-leaved, 8 to 14 -flowered; leaflets ovate, acumi- nate. Perianth colored, (purplish,) 3 to 4 lines long; lobes semi-ovate, obtuse. Stamens inserted in the middle of the tube, unequal; anthers ovate, sagittate at the base. Ovary oblong, clothed with the 3-winged base of the calyx; style filiform; stigma filiform -clavate, incurved. Mature achenium about 7 lines long and 4 wide; the wings broad, nearly equal, membranaceous and strongly reticulated. Seed oblong. Embryo conduplicate, involving the deeply 2-parted mealy albumen; radicle linear-terete; inner cotyledon abortive! outer one oblong, foliaceous, concave, as long as the radicle. This interesiing plant differs from its congeners in its funnel-form pe- rianth, 3 to 4 androus flowers, and broadly 3-winged fruit, but I have not been able to compare it critically with other species of abronia. It may prove to be a distinct genus. POLYGONACE^E. Polygonum Persicaria, (Linn.) North fork of the Platte. September 4. P. aviculare, (Linn.) With the preceding. P. amphibium, (Linn.) Sweet Water river. August 4. P. viviparum, (Linn.) Black hills. July 26. Rumex salicifulius, ( Weinn. ) With the preceding. Oxyria reniformis, (Hill.) Alpine region of the Wind river mountains. August 13-16. Eriogonum ovalifolium, (Nutt.) Horse-shoe creek, Upper North fork of the Platte. July 22. E. ccespitosum, (Nutt.) With the preceding. E. umbellatum, (Torr., ) in Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. York, ii,'p. 241. Sweet Water river, Aug. 7. E. Fremonlii, n. sp. With the preceding. E. annuum, (Nutt.) North fork of the Platte. September 4. ELEAGNACE.E. ■Shepherdia urgentea, (Nutt.) " Grains de bceuf.'' Upper North fork of the Platte, from the Red Buttes to the mouth of the Sweet Water. August 2i-28. •S. Canadensis, (Nutt.) On a lake in the Wind river mountains. August 12-17. Eleagnus argenteus, (Pursh.) With the preceding. EUPHORBIACEJ3. Euphorbia marginata, (Pursh.) Forks of the Platte. September 11. E. polygonifolia, (Linn.) South fork of the Platte. July 4. E. corollata, (Linn.) On thei&ansas. E- obtu?a!a, (Pursh.) LitlTe Bluef rijEj- of the Kansas. July 23. Pilinophytum capitatum, (Klotsch irt jFTegem. Arch., April, 1842.) Croton capitatum, (Michx.) Forks of the Platte. Hmdecandra? (Esch.,) multiflora> n. sp. ; annual canescent, with stellate pubescence, dioecious j 97 [ 174 3 stem somewhat diffusely and trichotomously branched; leaves ovate -oblong; petiolate obtuse, entire; staminate flowers on crowded axillary and terminal compound spikes. — Laramie river, North fork of the Platte. September 3 — 11. — About a foot high. Fructiferous plant unknown. With larger leaves. Forks of the Platte. July 2. This seems to be the same as the plant of Drum- mond's Texan Collection, III, No. 266. SALICIACE.E. Salix longifolia, (Willd.) On the Platte. <$. Muhlenbergii, (Willd.) With the preceding. Several other species exist in the collection — . some from the Platte, others from the mountains; but I have had no time to determine thera satisfactorily. Populns tremuloides, (Michx.) Lake in the Wind river mountains. P. angustifolia, (Torr. in Ann. Lye. N. Hist, of New York, ii, p. 249.) Sweet Water river. Aug. 21. P. monilifera, (Ait.) Lower Platte. ULMACE.E. Ulmus fulva, (Michx.) Lower Platte. Seltis crassi folia, (Nutt.) With the preceding. BETULACE^E. Betula glandulosa, (Michx.) On a lake in the Wind river mountains. Aug. 12-17. B. occidentalism (Hook.) With the preceding. CONIFER.E. Pinus rigida, (Linn.) Lower Platte. Without cones. Leaves in threes, about 3 inches long. jP. undetermined. Defiles of the Wind river mountains. Aug. 13-14. Between P. strobus and P. Lambertiana. Leaves in 5's, 1£ to 2 inches long, rigid. No cones. P. (Abies) alba, (Michx.) With the preceding. P. near balsamea. With the preceding. Leaves only. Juniperus Virginiana, (Linn.) Lower Platte. ENDOGENOUS PLANTS. ALISMACE.E. Sagittaria sagittifolia, (Linn.) On the Kansas. ORCHIDACE^E. Platanthera leucophaea, (Lindl.) Black hills. July 27. P. hyperborea, (R. Br.) Laramie river to the Red Buttes. Aug. 26-31. Spiranthes cernua, (Rich.) Sweet Water river. Aug. 6. Aplectrum hyemale, (Nutt.) On the Platte. June 29. IRIDACEiE. Sisyrinchium anceps, (Linn.) North fork of the Platte. July 12. Iris Missouriensis, (Nutt., in Jour. Acad. Phil, vii, p. 58.) In fruit. Sweet Water river. Aug. 3, Rhizoma very thick. Leaves narrow, rigid, as long as the scape. Scape nearly naked, 2- flow- ered, terete, 10 inches high. Capsules oblong, obtusely triangular. Flowers not seen. 7 [ 174 ] 98 LILIACEJB. Yucca angustifolia, (Sims.) Laramie rivei. July 14. Allium reticulatum, (Fras.) Defiles in the Wind river mountains. Aug. 12-17. Smilacina stellata, (Desf.) From the Laramie river to the Red Buttes. Aug. 26-31 MELANTHACE.E? Zigadenus glaucus, (Nutt.) Sweet Water river. Aug. JUNCACE.E. Juncus echinctus, (Muhl.) North fork of the Platte. Sept. 4. COMMELYNACEJE. Ti-adescantia Virginica, (Linn.,) and a narrow-leaved variety. Kansas and Platte. CYPERACE.E. Carex festucacea, (Schk.) On the Kansas. June. C. aurea, (Nutt.) Little Blue river of the Kansas. June 22. C. panicea, (Linn.) Alpine region of the Wind river mountains, near perpetual snow. Aug. 15. C. atrata, (Linn.) With the pieceding. GRAMINE-E. Xpartina cynosurvides, (Willd.) Little Blue river of the Kansas. June 22. Aristida pallens, (Pursh.) On the Platte. June 29. Agrostis Michauxiana, (Trin.) Little Blue river of the Kansas. June 23. Phleum alpinum, (Linn.) Alpine region of the Wind river mountains. Aug. 13-14. Bromus tiliatus, (Linn.) On the Platte. June-Aug. Pestuca ovina, (Linn.) Alpine region of the Wind river mountains. Aug. 13-l4. Pestuca nutans, (Willd.) On the Kansas. Poa laxa, (Hnenke.) With the preceding. r. crocata, (Michx.) With the preceding. Spikelets 2-flowered. P, nervata, (Willd.) On the Kansas. Knekria cristata, (Pers.) Big Blue river of the Kansas, and on the Platte as high as Laramie river. June 20 — July 22. Deschampsia ccespitosa, (Beauv.) Alpine region of the Wind river mountains. Aug. 13-14. Andropegon scoparius, (Michx.) Lower Platte. A. nutans, (Linn.) Laramie river, North fork of the Platte. Sept. 3-4. Hordeum jubatum, (Ait.) Forks of the Platte. July 2. Elymus Virginicus, (Linn.) Big Blue river of the Kansas. June 20. E. Canadensis, (Linn.) Little Blue river of the Kansas. June 22. Beckmannia cruciformis, ( Jacq. ) North fork of the Platte. July 22. EQUISETACE,E. Equisdum arvense, (Linn.) On a lake in the Wind river mountains. Aug. 12-17. FILICES. Jiypopeltis obtusa, (Torr. Compend. Bot. N. States, p. 380, 1826.) Aspidium obtusum, (Willd.) Woodsia Perriniana, (Hook, and Grev. Icon. Fil. I. t. 68.) Physematium (Kaulf.) obtusum f (Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii, p. 259.) On the Platte. 311 [ 174 ] NOTE CONCERNING THE PLANTS COLLECTED IN THE SECOND EXPEDI- TION OF CAPTAIN FREMONT. When Captain Fremont set out on his second expedition, he was well provided with paper and other means for making extensive botanical collections; and it was understood that, on his return, we should, conjointly, prepare a full account of his plants, to be appended to his report. About 1,400 species were collected, many of them in regions not Uffore explored by any botanist. In consequence, however, of the great length of the journey, and the numerous accidents to which the party were exposed, but especially owing to the dreadful flood of the Kansas, which deluged the borders of the Missouri and Mississippi rivers, more than half of his specimens were ruined before he reached the borders of civilization. Even the portion saved was gTeatly damaged; so that, in many instances, it has been extremely difficult to determine the plants. As there was not suffi- cient time before the publication of Captain Fremont's report for the proper study of the remains of his collection, it has been deemed advisable to reserve the greater part of them to incorporate with the plants which we expect he will bring with him on returning from his third expedition, upon which he has just set out. The loss sustained by Captain Fremont, and, I may say, by the botanical world, will, we trust, be partly made up the present and next seasons, as much of the same country will be passed over again, and some new regions explored. Arrangements have also been made, by which the botanical collections will be preserved, at least from the destructive effects of water; and a person accompa- nies the expedition, who is to make drawings of all the most interesting plants. Particular atten- tion will be given to the forest trees and the vegetable productions that are useful in the arts, or that are employed for food or medicine. JOHN TORREY. Descriptions of some new genera and species of plants, collected in Cap- tain J. C. Fremont's exploring expedition to Oregon and North Call- .fornia, in the years lS43-'44: By John Torrey and J. C. Fremont. Cleomella (?) obtusifolia. Torr. and Frem. Branching from the base, and diffuse ; leaflets cuneate-obovate, obtuse 5 style filiform. Annual, stem smooth, the branches spreading, about a span long, hairy in the axils. Leaves, or petioles, an inch or more in length ; the lamina of the leaflets 4 — 6 lines long, apiculate with a deciduous bristle, nearly smooth above, sparsely strigose underneath. Pedicels solitary and axillary, in the upper part of the branches, longer than the petioles. Calyx much shorter than the corolla ; the sepals lacerately 3 — 5-toothed. Petals yellow, oblong- lanceolate, obtuse, about 3 lines in length. Stamens 6, unequal, a little exserted : anthers linear-oblong, recurved when old. Torus hemispherical. Ovary on a long slender stipe, obovate ; style longer than the ovary. On the American fork of the Sacramento river ; March. The specimens are not in fruit, so that we cannot be certain as to the genus ; but it seems to be a Cleomella. [ 174 ] 312 Meconella Californica. Tor/', and Frhn. Leaves obovate-spatulate ; stamens 11 — 12. On the American fork of the Sacramento river. This species is intermediate between Meconella and Platystigma. It is a slender annual, 3 — 4 inches high, with the radical leaves in rosulate clus- ters, and more dilated at the extremity than in M. Oregana. The flowers also are much larger. The torus, which is like that of Eschschotzia, is very distinct. Arctomeo$)n. Torr. and Frtm. — n. gen. Calyx of 3 smooth imbricated caducous sepals. Petals 4, obovate, reg- ular. Stamens numerous ; anthers oblong-linear : the cells opening longi- tudinally. Ovary obovoid, composed of 6 carpels, with as many narrow intervalvular placentae : styles none : stigmas coalescing into a small hem- ispherical 6-angled sessile head, the angles of which are opposite the pla- centas, not forming a projecting disk. Capsule (immature) ovoid, the pla- centas almost filiform, opening at the summit by 6 valves, which separate from the persistent placentae. Seeds oblong, smooth, strophiolate. — A pe- rennial herb, with a thick woody root. Leaves numerous, mostly crowded about the root, flabelliform-cuneate, densely clothed with long gray up- wardly barbellate hairs, 3 — 5 lobed at the summit ; the lobes with 2 — 3 teeth, which are tipped with a rigid pungent upwardly scabrous bristle. Stem scape-like, about a foot high, furnished about the middle with one or two small bract-like leaves, smooth above, rough towards the base. Flow- ers in a loose, somewhat umbellate, simple or somewhat compound panicle ; the peduncles elongated, erect. Petals about an inch long, yellow. Arctomecox Californicum. Torr. and Frhn. This remarkable plant was found in only a single station in the Califor- nian mountains, on the banks of a creek; flowering early in May. The soil was sterile and gravelly. Although very near Papaver, it differs so much in habit and in the strophiolate seeds, as well as in other characters^ that it must be a distinct genus. Krameria. A shrubby species of this genus was found on the Virgen river, in Califor- nia. It seems to be K. parvifolia of Bentham, described in the voyage of the Sulphur. His plant, however, was only in fruit, while our specimens are only in flower. Ours grows in thick bunches 1 — 2 feet high, of a gray aspect, with numerous very straggling and somewhat spinescent branches. Leaves scarcely one-third of an inch long, obovate-spatulate. The flowers are scarcely more than half as large as in K. lanceolata. Sepals 5, un- equal; claws of the 3 upper petals united into a column below; lamina more or less ovate ; the two lower petals short and truncate. Stamens shorter than the upper petals; the filaments united at the base with the column of the petals : anthers one-celled, with a membranaceous summit, the orifice of which is somewhat dilated, and finally lacerated. Ovary hairy and spinulose ; style rigid, declined. Oxystylis. Torr. and Frtm. — n. gen. Sepals linear ; petals ovate, somewhat uhguiculate ; ovary 2-celled ; the cells subglobose, each with two ovules : style pyramidal, much larger than BOZANY Plate I. /surj///.; ss/y /<7/s/ 313 [ 174 ] the ovary. Silicle didymous : the carpels obovoid-globose, one-seeded, (or rarely two-seeded,) indehiscent, separating from the base of the persis- tent subulate spinescent style : pericarp crustaceo-coriaceous. Seed ovate, somewhat compressed ; testa membranaceous, the lining much thickened and fleshy. Cotyledons incumbent, linear-oblong ; radicle opposite the placentae. — A smooth annual herb. Leaves temately parted, on long petioles ; the leaflets ovate or oblong, entire petiolulate. Flowers in nu- merous axillary crowded short capitate racemes, small and yellow. Oxystylis lutea. Torr. and Frem. On the Margoza river, at the foot of a sandy hill ; only seen in one place, but abundant there. The specimens were collected on the 2Sth of April, and were in both flower and fruit. A rather stout plant ; the stem erect, a foot or 15 inches high, simple or a little branching below, leafy. Leaflets 1 — li inch long, obtuse. Heads of flowers about half an inch in diameter, not elongating in fruit. Calyx shorter than the corolla ; the sepals acute, yellowish, tipped with orange. Petals about two lines long. Fruit consisting of two roundish indehiscent carpels, which at maturity separate by a small base, leaving the indurated pointed style. The epicarp is thin, membranaceous,and slightly corrugated. This remarkable plant seems to connect Cruciferae with Capparidaeeae. The clusters of old flower stalks, with their numerous crowded spinescent styles, present a singular appearance. Thamnosma. Torr. and Frem. — n. gen. Flowers hermaphrodite, (or polygamous?) Calyx 4-cleft. Corolla 4- petalled, much longer than the calyx ; the aestivation valvate. Stamens S, in a double series, all fertile. Ovaries 2, sessile and connate at the summit of a stipe, each with 5 or 6 ovules in 2 series ; styles united into one ; stigma capitate. Capsules 2, sessile at the summit of the stipe, subglobose, united below, (one of them sometimes abortive,) coriaceous, 1 — 3-seeded. Seeds curved, with a short beak, black and minutely wrinkled ; the radicle inferior. Embryo curved ; cotyledons broadly linear, incumbent. Thamnosma Montana. Torr. and Frem. A shrub of the height of one or two feet, branching from the base, with simple, very small linear wedge-shaped leaves. The flowers are apparently dark purple, in loose terminal clusters. The whole plant has a strong aro- matic odor, and every part of it is covered with little glandular dots. Al- though nearly allied to Xanthoxylum, we regard it as a peculiar genus. It grows in the passes of the mountains, and on the Virgen river in Northern California. The greater part of it was already in fruit in the month of May. Prosopis odorata. Torr. and Frem. Branches and leaves smooth ; spines stout, mostly in pairs, straight ; pin- nae a single pair ; leaflets 6 — S pairs, oblong-linear, slightly falcate, some- what coriaceous, rather obtuse ; spikes elongated, on short peduncles ; co- rolla three times as long as the calyx ; stamens exserted ; legume spirally twisted into a compact cylinder. A tree about 20 feet high, with a very broad full head, and the lower branches declining to the ground ; the thorns sometimes more than an inch [ 174 ] 314 long. Leaves smooth ; the common petiole 1 — 2 inches long, and terminated by a spinescent point ; leaflets from half an inch to an inch long, and 1 — 2 lines broad, somewhat coriaceous, sparingly but prominently veined un- derneath. Spikes 2 — 4 inches long, and about one-third of an inch in di- ameter. Flowers yellow, very fragrant, nearly sessile on the rachis. Calyx campanulate, somewhat equally 5-toothed, smooth. Petals ovate-oblong, hairy inside. Stamens 10, one-third longer than the corolla. Anthers tipped "with a slightly stipitate gland. Ovary linear-oblong, villous ; style smooth ; stigma capitate, concave at the extremity. Legumes clustered, spirally twisted into a very close rigid cylinder, which is from an inch to an inch and a half long, and about two lines in diameter, forming from ten to thir- teen turns, many seeded. Sarcocarp pulpy ; the two opposite sides of the firm endocarp are compressed together between the seeds, forming a lon- gitudinal kind of septum, which divides the pulp into two parts. Seeds ovate, kidney-form, compressed, very smooth and hard. Embryo yellow- ish, surrounded with a thin albumen. A characteristic tree in the mountainous part of Northern California, particularly along the Mohahve and Virgen rivers, flowering the lauerpart of April. This species belongs to the section strombocarpa of Mr. Bentham,' which includes the Jtcacia strombulifera of Wildenow. In the structure of the pod it is so remarkable that we at one time regarded it as a distinct genus, to which we gave the name of Spirolobium. There are numerous other Legumiiiosse in the collection, including, as might be expected, many species of Lupinus, Astragalus, Oxytropis, and Phaca, some of which are new ; also, Thermopsis rhombifolia and mon- tana, and a beautiful shrubby Psoralea (or some allied genus) covered with bright violet flowers. COWANIA PLICATA. D. Don. (?) Specimens of this plant, without a ticket, were in the collection ; doubt- less obtained in California. It may prove to be a distinct species from the Mexican plant, for the leaves are more divided than they are described by Don, and the flowers are smaller. The genus Cowania is very nearly al- lied to Cercocarpus and Purshia, notwithstanding its numerous ovaries. The lobes of the calyx are imbricated, as in those genera, and not valvate, as in Eudryadese, to which section it is referred by Endlicher. Purshia tridenlata formed a conspicuous object in several parts of the route, not only east of the mountains, but in Oregon and California. It is covered with a profusion of yellow flowers, and is quite ornamental. Some- times it attains the height of twelve feet. Spirzea arisefolia, var. discolor, was found on the upper waters of the Platte, holding its characters so well that it should perhaps be regarded as a distinct species. QEnothera clavjeformis. Torr. and Frem. Leaves ovate or oblong, denticulate or toothed, pinnatified at the base, with a long naked petiole ■ scape with several small leaves, S— 12-flowered ; segments of the calyx longer than the tube ; capsules clavate-cylmdrical, nearly twice as long as the pedicel. Flowers about as large as in (E. pu- mi/a. Grows with the preceding. . * In Hooker's Journal of Botany, iv, p. 351. BOTANY Hate IT . v ; m econ ' " ''/ f '"^ '" "' 315 [ 174 ] This new species belongs to the section Chylismia of Nutt. ( Torr. and Gr. FL N. Jim. I, p. 506.) Oenothera deltoides. Torr. and Frem. Annual ; canescently strigose; stem low and stout; leaves rhombicovate. repandly denticulate, acute ; flowers (large) clustered at the summit of the short stem ; tube of the calyx nearly twice the length of the segments ; pe- tals entire, one-third longer than the slightly declined stamens; anthers very- long, fixed by the middle ; style exserted; capsules prismatic-cylindrical. Allied to (E. Jamesii, Torr. and Gr., and belongs, like that species, to the section Eugenothera and sub-section Onagra. (Enothera canescens. Torr. and Frem. Strigosely canescent ; leaves narrowly lanceolate, rather obtuse, remote- ly denticulate ; flowers in a leafy raceme ; tube of the calyx rather slen- der, three times as long as -the ovary, and one -third longer than the seg- ments ; petals broadly ovate, entire. This species was collected (we believe) on the upper waters of the Platte. It belongs to the section Eucenothera, and to a sub-section which may be called Gauropsis, and characterized as follows : Perennial diffuse herbs ; tube of the calyx linear ; capsule obovate, sessile, with 4-winged angles and no intermediate ribs, tardily opening ; seeds numerous, horizontal ; the testa membranaceous ; leaves opaque. Besides these new species, many other (Enothera were collected ; among which may be mentioned CE. albicaulis, alyssoides, montana, and Mis- souriensis. Also, Gay ophy turn diffusum, (from the Snake country, grow- ing about 2 feet high,) S'lenosiphon virgatum, and Gaura coccinea. Composite. The plants of this family were placed in the hands of Dr. Gray for ex- amination ; and he has described some of them (including four new gen- era) in the Boston Journal of Natural History for January, 1845. He has since ascertained another new genus among the specimens ; and we fully concur with him in the propriety of dedicating it to the late distinguished I. N. Nicollet, Esq., who spent several years in exploring the country wa- tered by the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, and who was employed by the United States Government in a survey of the region lying between the sources of those rivers. This gentleman exerted himself to make known the botany of the country which he explored, and brought home with him an interesting collection of plants, made under his direction, by Mr. Charles Geyer, of which an account is given in the report of Mr. N. The follow- ing is the description of this genus by Dr. Gray : Nicolletia. Gray. " Heads heterogamous, with few rays, many flowered. Involucre campan- ulate, consisting of about S oval membranaceous scales in a single series ; the base calyculate, with one or two smaller scales. Receptacle convex, alveo- late. Corolla of the disk flowers equally 5-toothed. Branches of the style terminated by a subulate hisped appendage. Achenia elongated, slender, canescently pubescent. Pappus double, scarcely shorter than the corolla ; the exterior of numerous scabrous, unequal bristles ; the inner of 5 linear- [ 174 ] 316 , lanceolate chaffy scales, which are entire, or 2-toothed at the summit, and furnished with a strong central nerve, which is produced into a short sca- brous awn. — A humble, branching (and apparently annual) herb. Leaves alternate, pinnatified, and somewhat fleshy, (destitute of glands ?) ; the lobes and rachis linear. Heads terminal, solitary, nearly sessile, large, (about an inch long,) with one or two involucrate leaves at the base. Corolla yellow." « Nicolletia occidentalis. Gray. On the banks of the Mohahve river, growing in naked sands ; flowering in April. The plant has a powerful and rather agreeable odor. This in- teresting genus (which is described from imperfect materials) belongs to the tribe Senecionide^, and the sub-tribe Tagitineje. It has the habit of Dissodia, and exhibits both the c*haffy pappus of the division Tagelese, and the pappus pilosus of Porophy Hum.*— Gray. Franseria dumosa. Gray. Shrubby, much branched ; leaves pinnatified, canescent on both sides, as are the branchlets ; the divisions 3 — 7, oval, entire, and somewhat lobed ; heads rather loosely spiked ; involucre of the sterile flowers 5 — 7 -cleft, sthgosely canescent ; of the fertile, ovoid, 2-celled, 2-flowered. A»shrub, 1 — 2 feet high, with divaricate rigid branches. Leaves scarce- ly an inch long. Fertile (immature) involucre clothed with straight soft lanceolate- subulate prickles, which are short and scale-like. On the sandy uplands of the Mohahve river, and very common in all that region of North California. Flowering in April. Amsonia tomentosa. Torr. and Frem. Suffrutescent ; clothed with a dense whitish pubescence ; leaves lanceolate and ovate -lanceolate, acute at each end ; segments of the calyx lanceolate- subulate ; corolla slightly hairy externally. i Stems numerous, erect, 12 to IS inches high, woody, below simple or branching. Leaves alternate ; the lowest small and spatulate, or reduced to scales ; the others about 2 inches long, and varying from 4 to 8 lines in breadth ; entire, acuminate at the base. Flowers in rather dense, some- what fastigiate terminal clusters, nearly three-fourths of an inch long. Ca- lyx about one-third the length of the corolla, 5-parted to the base ; the seg- ments narrow and hairy. Corolla with the tube ventricose above : the seg- ments ovate-oblong. Stamens included ; filaments short ; anthers ovate- sagittate. Ovaries oblong, united below, distinct above, smooth ; style slender ; stigma capitate, with a membranaceous collar at the base. The specimens of this plant were without tickets ; but they were prob- ably collected west of the Rocky mountains. They were without fruit. Asclepias speciosa. Torr. in Jinn. Lye. New York, \\,p. 218. This (as was stated in the first report) is Ji. Douglasii of Hooker, well figured in his Flora Boreali Americana, 2,t. 142. It has a wide range, be- ing found on both sides of the Rocky mountains, and from the sources of the St. Peter's to those of the Kansas and Canadian. The fruit was collected from specimens on the banks of the Snake river. It is almost exactly like that of A. Cornuti, being inflated, woolly, and covered with soft spines. * It should be stated here, that the notice of this genus by Dr. Gray was drawn up in Latin ; bu l we have given it in English, that it may be uniform with our own description. BOT.iXY Bate IK Xitli"bvL* Wf\„-, i Co Baton ?/r///r///us / VtWUCtc/tl Euphorbia herniaroides, Nutt. Banks of the Gila. A pubes- cent variety of this species was found in the desert west of the Colorado. CUPULIFER^. Quercus Emoryi, n. sp. Leaves coriaceous, oblong, on very short petioles, remotely and repandly toothed, the serratures mu- cronate, smooth on both sides; fruit pedunculate, solitary and in pairs, gland ovoid-oblong, mucronate; cup hemispherical, the scales appressed. Common in the elevated country between the Del Norte and the Gila. This small-leaved oak resembles Q. agrifolia and Q. undulata, (Torr. in Ann. lye. N. York 2, p. 248, t. 4,) but is quite distinct from both. SALICACE^E. Salix. Several narrow-leaved willows were found along the Gila, and in the region west of the Colorado; but being without fructification they cannot be determined. One of them is used as food for cattle when there is no grass. PLATANACEiE. Platanus Mrxicanus, Moricandpl. nouv. ou rares d?Jlmer. t. 26. P. Calif ornicus,- Benth. bot. Sulph., p. 54. P. racemosus, Nutt.? Valley of the Gila. CONIFERS. Ephedra occidentalis, Willd.l From the region between the Del iNorte and the Gila, and the hills bordering the latter river to the 153 [ 7 ] desert west of the Colorado. A shrub 3-4 feet high, with numer- ous slender branches; its appearance being that of Scotch broom, (Spartium scoparium.) The sheaths are very long, 3-parted, with subulate-acuminate segments. This can hardly be the E. America- na of Quito, which is described as having 2-pa*ted sheaths. The specimens are without either flowers or fruit. If the species should prove to be new, it may be called E. trifurcus. There seems to be still another species growing Qn the table lands of New Mexico, differing from the preceding in its very short sheaths. Juniperus. Two undetermined species w T ere found in crossing the country from the Del Norte to the Gila. Both of them have the general character of J. Virginiana. One is a large tree, with acerose leaves, and a bark like that of a Pinus; the other has short closely appressed leaves, and berries larger than a buck shot. AMARYLLIDACE.E. Agave Americana, Linn. Found in descending the western slope of the Cordilleras of California. This is the maguey of the Mexi- cans. It shoots up a flowering stalk 10 or 15 feet high. The juice of the plant affords an intoxicating drink called pulque. Another species of Agave, or.a very remarkable variety of the preceding was found in New Mexico, west of the Del Norte. It differs from A. Americana in its much shorter and broader leaves, which are furnished wi^h smaller marginal spines. LILIACEiE. Yucca. The leaves only, of what appear to be four species of this genus, occur in the collection, but we cannot identify them for want of the inflorescence. ORCHIDACE,E. Spiranthes cernua, Rich. Low grounds in the valley of the Del Norte. CYPERACEiE, Eleocharis quadrangulata, R. Brown. Valley of the Gila. Cyperus Michauxianus, Schultes. Valley of the Gila. GRAMINEiE. Chloris alba, Presl. Spikes umbellate-fasciculate, numerous, (8 — 12,) the peduncle enclosed in a broad compressed sheath; spikelets 2-flowered; upper glume nearly as long as the flowers, 2-toothed, with a short awn between the teeth; lower palea of the perfect flow r er obscurely 3-nerved, gibbous in the middle, the mar- gin ciliate with long hairs towards the summit; awn three times as long as the palea; neuter flower broad and truncate, inclosing a short aristiform rudiment; the awn twice as long as the palea. Bed of the Gila. Very near C. barbata, which differs in the entire [7] 154 glumes, entire mucronate, (not awned,) in the entire straight lower palea of the perfect flower, and in the third or aristiform flower being much exserted. Bouteloua racemosa, Lagasca.l Culm erect, simple; spikes nu- merous (20 — 40,), reflexed, 3 flowers; lower glume linear subulate; upper one linear-lanceolate, scabrous, entire, nearly as long as the spikelets; lower palea of the perfect flower unequally tricuspidate, pubescent; abortive flower reduced to a slender awn which is nearly as long as the perfect flower, furnished at the base with 2 short and inconspicuous bristles. Valley of the Gila, rare. This plant agress pretty well with Kunth's description of B. (Eutriana,) race- mosa, except in the pubescent lower palea, and the minute bristles at the base of the neuter flower. Whether it be the plant of La- gasca or not is very difficult to determine from his brief character. It certainly is very different from B. racemosa of the United States, which has a large 3-awned neuter flower, and if distinct from La- gasca's, must receive another name. That of B. curtipendula would be appropriate. Chondrosium eriopodum, n. sp. Culm simple, pubescent below; spikes 4 — 6, racemose, appressed, on short woolly peduncles; spike- lets 2-flowered; flowers distichous,; glumes very unequal, glabrous, linear-lanceolate, mucronate, entire; lower palea of the perfect flower glabrous, bifid at the apex, with a short bristle between the teeth; neuter flower pedicellate, with 3 slender awns. This is one of the species of "Grama" so useful as a fodder-grass in New Mexico. It is abundant along the Del Norte, and in the region be- tween that river and waters of the Gila. The culm is slender, a foot or more in height. Leaves are very narrow, 2 — 3 inches long, with glabrous sheaths; sheath almost wanting. Spikes about three-fourths of an inch long. Chondrosium fceneum, n. sp. Leaves glabrous; spikes 2 — 3, ob- long, falcate, spreading; rachis nearly half the length of the spikes; upper glume nearly as long at the perfect flower, with two rows of piliferous glands on the back; lower palea deeply 3-rleft, the seg- ments lanceolate and mucronate, hairy on the margin; neuter flower of two truncate emarginate valves, with a 2-valved rudiment of a third flower, and 3 short stout awns. Uplands bordering the valley of the Del Norte. This is another of the grasses called Grama in New Mexico, and is the best kind, being almost as good fodder as oats. It is nearly allied to Atheropogen [Chondrosium^) oligosta- chyum of Nuttall. Chondrosium polystachyum, Benth. hot. Sulph. p. 56. Uplands bordering the Gila. The smallest kind of "Grama" found on the journey. It is about 6 inches high, very slender. The spikes are narrowly linear, and almost half an inch long, erect, on short brownish peduncles. The other characters agree minutely with Mr. Bentham's admirable detailed description in the work quoted above. Leptochloa filiformis, Roem and Schults. Valley of the Gila. Scarcely distinct from L. mucronata of the United States. Sesleria? dactyloides, JVutt. Upper part of the Arkansas. This 155 [ 7 J is the celebrated "Buffalo Grass," so called because it constitutes the chief fodder of the wild buffalo, during the season that it flourishes. I have retained this plant, for the present, where it was placed by Mr. Nuttall, who noticed its anomalous characters. It differs from Sesleria, and indeed from the Tribe Festucacece, in its habit, Which is that af Chondrosium. The stem throws off suck- ers which ro'ot at the joints, from whence leaves and culms of a few inches in height are thrown up. The spikes are two or three in number, on short spreading peduncles. They are oblong, about half an inch in length, and obtuse; bearing from 6 to 8 spikelets, which are unilateral, and form a double row on the rachis. The spikelets are usually 2 flowered, but I have occasionally found them with 3 flowers, and even the rudiment of a fourth. The glumes are very unequal oblong-ovate, coriaceo-membranaceous, carinate and one-nerved, the upper one slightly mucronate. Palea oblong- lanceolate and somewhat keeled, membranaceous, nearly equal, but longer than the glumes, entire, glabrous except on the keel; the lower 3 nerved, the upper bi- carinate. Anthers large, linear, fulvous. In all the specimens of this collection, as well as in those in my herbarium from numerous other localities, there are no fertile flowers, and only in few instances rudimentary styles, so that the plant seems to be dicecios po/ygamus by abortion. Arundo Phragmites, Linn. Valley of the Del Norte, and along the Gila. Andropogon argenteus, DC.) Kunth. enum. l,p. 500. Valley of the Gila. A handsome species, with the spikes in a terminal pani- cle which has a white appearance from the abundant silky hairs of the flowers. A. macrourus, Michx. With the preceeding. Besides these grasses, there were a few others, mostly collected in the valley of the Gila, but which I have not determined, as the specimens were not so complete as could be desired. Among them area Glyceria, two Jlgrostides, five species of Panicum, and a Poa (Eragrostis,)v?hh large elongated spikelets. In some parts of the valley of the Dei Norte, Sorghum vulgare is cultivated, and was found partly naturalized. EQUISETACE/E. Equisettjm hyemale, Linn. Lower part of the Colorado. FILICES. Adiantum tenerum, Sioartz. Valley of the Gila. This species is widely spread over the southern part of North America, and yet has not hitherto obtained a place in our^Flora. We have it from Alabama, Florida, Texas, and various parts of California. Lycopodium. A small species allied to L. rupes.tre, was found in descending the Gila. It differs in its incurved leaves which are mucronate, but without a bristle at the tip. No fructification ex- ists in the specimen. HI 156 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. Plate 1 — Daleaformnsa — A branch of the natural size, with a separate flower magnified. Plate 2 — Fallugia paradoxa. — Natural size, with a separate carpel magnified. Plate 3 — Larrea Mexicana. — A branch of the natural size. Figure 1. Separate flower. Figure 2. External view of a stamen, with a scale at its base. Figure 3. The same, seen from the opposite side. Figure 4. Ovary and style. The -last three figures mag- nified. Plate 4 — Zinnia grandijlora. — The entire plant, except the root. Figure 1. A head of flowers. Figure 2. A ray flower, natural size. Figure 3. A disk flower. Figure 4. Stamen. Figure 5. Portion cf the style, with its branches. The last three figures more or less magnified. Plate 5 — Ridellia tagetina. — A branch of the natural size. Figure 1. Achenium and pap- pus of a ray flower magnified. Figure 2. A ray flower less magnified. Figure 3. A disk flower. Figure 4. Part of the style,- with its branches. The last two figures con- siderably magnified. Plate 6 — Baileya midtiradiata. — The whole plant, except the lower portion of the stem. Figure 1. A ray flower. Figure 2. A disk flower. Figure 3. Two of the stamens. Figure 4. Style and its branches. All magnified. Plate 7 — Arctostaphylos pungens. Plate 8 — Fouquiera spinosa. — Summit of the stem and panicle of flowers. Figure 1. A capsul", with the valves separated, showing the plaeentiferous axis. Figure 2. A seed. (Both of natural size.) Figure 3. Tranverse section of a. seed. Figure 4. Embryo. (The last two magnified.) Figures 5 and 6. Spiral vessels composing the testa of the seed, greatly magnified. Plate 9 — Quercus Emoryi. — Figures 1 and 2. Acorns of the same. All the figures of natural size. Plate 10 — Sesleria dactyloides. — The entire plant of the natural size. Figure 1. A spike- let. Figure 2. Glumes. Figure 3. Staminate flower. Figure 4. The same, with the paleae removed. All the figures magnified. Plate 11 — Ipomcea leptophylla. — A branch of the natural size. Figure 1. Pistil. Figure 2. Capsule. Figure 3. Seed. All the figures of natural size. Plate 12 — Chondrosium ftzneum — Two plants of the natural size. Figure 1. A spikelet magnified. Figure 2. The same, with the glumes removed, somewhat more highly magnified. Figure 3. Upper palea of the perfect flower. DALE A PC RMC - '. ;:; LAEREA MEXICANA. IV. ZINNIA GRANDIFL - 7 DELLIA T . BAILEYA MULTTRADIATA VII ARCTOSTAPHYLOS PUNGENl VIII. IX 0UERCUS EM0RT1. X . ,t : SESLERIA DACTYLOIDES XII. 157 [ 7 ] APPENDIX NO. 2.— (Continued.) St. Louis, February 13, 1848. My Dear Sir: Your letter, together with the package containing the drawings of a number of most, interesting cactaceae, arrived safely here about two weeks ago. On the occasion of my report on the botany of Dr. Wislizenus' voyage, I have made a careful investigation of the cactaceas, of which he brought home with him more than twenty species, and have been enabled to elucidate several points which had been unknown, or ob- scure before; no doubt because in the hot houses of European gardens these curious plants, though they thrive pretty well, rarely produce flowers and fruit; so that from 800 species of cactacese at present cultivated in Europe, perhaps not one-fourth is known as to its flower and a much smaller proportion in fruit. I have ventured to describe some of your species from the drawing; my description, how- ever, and the names given by me, must remain doubtful till we are able to obtain some more data to characterize the species. I have written it more Tor your information than for publi- cation, but if you choose to append it to your published report, I have no objection to it, but must request you to make such corrections or alterations as your notes or your recollection of the plants will enable you to do; for example, as to size, as in some of the drawings no size is mentioned,* in which case I have assumed them to represent the natural size. I have for convenience sake, numbered the different figures, and shall now proceed to copy for }-ou the descriptions and remarks following my numbers. 1. Mammillaria. October 18, 1846; head waters of the Gila, 6,000 feet above the sea. Proliferous in the highest degree, forming hemispherical masses often of a diameter three and a-half feet; which are composed of 100 — 200 different heads or stems. Single heads conical, apparently about 4 or 5 inches high, and 2| — 3 inches in diameter; color, bluish green; spines white or reddish. This species appears to be allied to M- vivipara, but is distinguished by the conical heads, and the hemispherical tufts, while M. vivipara has hemispherical or even depressed heads, and forms flat and spreading masses. It may be an undescribed species, in which case the name of M. aggregata appears to be most appropriate. 2. Mammillaria. October 26, 1846. Rare; on the Gila, 3 or 4,000 feet above the sea. Apparently a mammillaria, though the habit of the plant is more that of an Echinocereus, but all Echinoccrei have the bunches of spines disposed in verticle ridges, which is not the case in the figure in question. Stems irregularly cylindrical, with divers contractions and swelling, about 4 — 6 inches high, and 1} and 12 inches in diameter, many (in the figure 8,) from one base. The name of M- fasciculata would indicate the peculiarity of this species. 3. Mammillaria. November 4, 1846; abundant. Several (fig. 3,) oval stems from one base, 14 — 2;' inches high, and 1{ inch in diameter; tubercles in about 13. rows; spines whitish, short; one small obovate red berry toward the apex not more than H line long. If the figure is correct, this species ought to be distinguished by the name of M. microcar- pa. as I know of no other Mammillaria with such a small fruit. 4. Echinocactus Wislizeni. (Engelm. in Wislizenus' report.) October 26, 1846. In addition to the description in Dr. W.'s report, which I have drawn up from dried speci- mens. I observe in this figure that the species has 21 oblique ribs, is of an oval shape, and bluish green color; the ribs are acute, but not compressed, according to the representation of a section, and the groves corresponding. 5. Echinocactus. October 25, 1846; 18 inches in diameter. Height equal to the diameter; shape ventricose, contracted towards the vertex, therefore somewhat urceolate; with 21 straight sharp ribs; spines apparently 8, straight, brown, color of plant bright green; vertex whitish, "(tomentose?) fr m t l or 1-i inches long, oval, yellowish or reddish. Seed obovate, obliquely truncated at base, full one line long, black, opaque, slightly roughened; embryo curved or hooked, cotyledons accumbent, partly buried in the large farinaceous albumen. This species is distinct from all other New Mexican species examined by me, and is most probably undescribed. I propose to name it after its zealous discoverer, who has, surmount- ing numberless difficulties, though occupied by severe and arduous duties, found leisure to do so much for the advancement of our knowledge of the wild countries traversed by him, Echinocactus Emoryi. C. Cereus. November 21, 1846; 3 feet high. There can be but little doubt but that we have here a species before us. which I have re- * Where the size is not mentioned, the original c'rawi'ngs are tl.e size of nature. W. H. E. [7 ] , 158 ceived from Dr. Wislizenus and from Dr. Gregg, from the neighborhood of Chihuahua, and which I have described in Dr. W.'s report by the name of C. Greggii, erect, branching, with 5 compressed ribs, dark green, with whitish areolae, and about 8 short dusky spines. The specimen figured here is very remarkable on account of the fruit, which was unknown to me. Provided The drawing is correct, we have here a smooth oval accuminate fruit, crowned with the remains of the corolla, and supported by a distinct stipe of a bright crim- son color. A stipe, as well as such an acumination, I have not seen in any other Iruit of a cactus. Fruit, with the long acumination, 2| inches long, | to 1 inch in diameter, stipe about — inch lone. * 7. Opuntia. Very abundant on the Del Norte and Gila. No date nor statement whether the figure represents the natural size or is smaller. The species belongs to the section elliptic^ of Salm; it is ascending, older stems prostrate, branches and = younger joints erect, 8—10 inches high; joints orbicular obovate, rounded, obtuse or sometimes acutish, of a bluish green color, H to 2\ inches long, and little less wide- spines short and whitish; berries obovate, scarlet, only about 3 or 4 lines long. It the figure represents the natural size, this species ought to bear the name 0. microcarpa. °8. Opuntia. October 28, 1816; common on the Gila. Much branched, sub-erect, joints obovate, often acutish, purplish, with two or three longer brown spines directed downwards; fruits obovate, red. In the figure, the joints are 1|— 2 inches long, and 1— \\ wide; fruit about 3 lines long. . , , , The«-e are several opuntiae known with purple colored joints, but none in the least resemb- ling this, and I must consider it as a distinct species to which I would give the name of 0. YVol(lC(l(£ t 9. Opuntia? October 22, 1846; abundant on the Del Norte and Gila. A remarkable plant, apparently more like a Mammillaria than like an Opuntia, The fruit is also represented without areolae or tubercles, exactly like the smooth fruit of a Mam- millaria; but this may be an oversight in the artist. The habit of the plant suggests the belief that it is an opuntia of the section cylindracea. Joints or branches ascending, cylindrical, tuberculated, 4—6 inches long; 1—1 J inches in diameter; tubercles very prominent, with about 8 long (1— H inches,) straight spines; fruit obovate, umbilicate, scarlet, towards the lop of the branches, about 9 lines long, and 6 in It is a distinct species, which I am gratified to dedicate to the skilful artist who has drawn all these figures, Mr. J. M. Stanly; I therefore propose for it the name Opuntia Stanlyi. 10. Opuntia. November 3, 1816; 4 feet high. Stem erect with verticilate horizontal, or somewhat pendulous branches; branches cylin- drical strongly tuberculated, about 8 lines in diameter, with short spines on the tubercles; fruit pale yellow, clavate, tuberculate, umbilicate, 1 to 1{ inches long, 6— 8 lines in dia- This is probably the Opuntia arborescent, Engelm. in Wisliz's report, though the spines are represented as being shorter than in my specimens of 0. arborescent from New Mexico and Chihuahua. 11. Opuntia. November 2, 1846. . Somewhat resembling the last, but forming " low, wide spreading bushes.-' Joints more slender, only about 4 or 5 lines in diameter, alternating (not opposite nor verticillate,) form- ing with the stem an acute angle, sub-erect, tubercles more prominent, areolae whitish at their lower edge, with 3 dusky defiexed spines; Iruit clavate, tuberculate, pale yellow, 1 inch long, 4 lines in diameter. I believe this to be an undescribed species, and would propose the name lor it ot U. Call- VZ^Opuntia. October 10, 1846; abundant. Three feet high, with spreading branches; the same in circumference. . . «, I can see no difference between this figure and a plant which I have received lrom Ji,l Passo, by Dr. Wislizenus. and which I have described in his report under the name of 0. vazinata. .',„,,.. ■ ■ , u Nos. 13—15 are no Cacti. In 13, I recognize the Raberhnia zuccarim, a shrub common in the chaparals of northern Mexico, which has been collected in flower about Parras and Saltillo by Drs. Wislizenus and Gresg. The fruit is unknown so far; the specimen figured is however, in fruit; the beny (?) is globose, f— 1 line in diameter, crowned with the rudi- ment of the style. It was collected October 23d, 1846, and is described as a shrub 3 feet hioh ; with low, spreading boughs. 14. Collected November 15, 1846; 4 feet high, rare. Is perhaps, another species of the same genus, but the entire absence of flower or Iruit makes it impossible to decide. Branches similar, straight, leafless, ending m robust dark spines- but much elongated and sub-erect, not horizontal, as in No. 13. 15. Is entirely unknown to me. Perhaps it is an amaryllidaceout plant; the fruit is said to be 5 inches long. A gigantic cactus was observed along the Gila river, about the middle part ol its course, -MEu .V" 1 Halli ^Js6s$ ' __ Croft section. 159 [ 7 ] at an elevation of from 2 000 to 4,000 feet; it is frequently mentioned in the report from the 1st to the 9th of November, and figured on several plates, (p. 72 to 79.) It most probably is a true Cereus. I judge so from the seed, which fortunately has been preserved. T. obovate. obliquely truncate at base, black, smooth, shining, small, (only about 0.7 lines long;) the embryo is hooked, the cotyledons foliaceous, incumbent; no albumen. If it is a constant fact, that the cotyledons of the seeds cf the genus Pilocereus are thick and globose and straight, the plant in question cannot belong to that genus, which comprises the most gigan- tic of the Cactus tribe. The large Cereus. C. Peruvianut, is vastly different from cur plant, which I would pro- pose to came Cereus Gigantcus. Unfortunately, I can say bat little about the character of this species. The stem is tall, 25 to 60 feet high, and 2 to 6 feet in circumferance, erect, simple, or with a few erect branches; ribs about 20, oblique or spiral, (?) no spines, (?) (Em- ory's notes; probably onlv below without spines.) fruit produced toward the top of the stem or branches. (None of the fruit was procured, being too late in the season; but the molasses expressed from it by tha Indians was procured in abundance at the Pimos village.) It is called Pitahaya by the Californians, but this appears to be a general name applied in Mexico and South America to all the large columnar Cacti which bear an edible fruit; especially to Cereus variabilis, which is common on the eastern coast, b^t is widely distinct from our California giant. Very trulv, yours. G ENGELMAXX. APPENDIX G. BOTANY. DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANTS COLLECTED DURING THE EX- PEDITION : BY DR. JOHN TORREY. No. 96, St. Mark's Place, New York, August 10, 1853. Dear Sir : I have examined the collection of plants that you brought from the headwaters of the Red river, towards the Rocky mountains. The flora of this region greatly resem- bles that of the upper portion of the Canadian. It is remark- able that there occur among your plants several species that were first discovered by Dr. James, in Long's Expedition, and have not been found since until now. Your collection is an interesting addition to the geography of North American plants, and serves to mark more clearly the range of many western species. For particular remarks on the rarer plants, and descriptions of the new species, T refer you to the accom- panying list. At your request I have had some of the rarer plants drawn and engraved, to illustrate your report to Congress. I am, dear sir, Yours truly, JOHN TORREY. Captain R. B. Marcy. \rffoW--vwuii, APPENDIX G. BOTANY. 267 RANUCULACEJE. Clematis Pitcheri, Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 10. Witchita Mountains; fl. and fr. July 17. Anemone Caroliniana, Walt. ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 12. Sources of the Trinity River ; May 3. Delphinium azureum, Michx. ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 32. Main Fork of the Red River ; fl. May 8— June 16. PAPAVERACEiE. Argemone Mexicana, Linn. ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 61. Common on the upper waters of the Red River ; May — June 16. CRUCIFERiE. Vesicaria angustifolia, Nutt., in Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 101 ; Gray, PI. Lindh. 2, p. 145. Sources of the Trinity River ; fl. and fr. May 3. V. stenophylla, Gray, PI. Lindh. 2, p. 149 ; and PI. Wright. 1, p. 10, and 2, p. 13. North Fork of the Red River ; fr. June 14. Pithyr.ea Wislizeni, Engelm., in Wisliz. in Mex., p. 95; Gray, PI. Wright. 1, p. 10, and 2, p. 14. Abundant on the headwaters of the Red River ; June 23— July 14. The specimens of this plant collected by Captain Marcy vary considerably in the leaves, which are often nearly entire. The flowers also vary in size ; the petals being sometimes nearly one-third of an inch in length. The silicles are larger than in specimens collected in New Mexico by Mr. Wright and Dr. Ed- wards. They are by no means always deeply emarginate at the base, and some- times they are slightly notched at the summit. Streptanthus hyacinthoides, Hook., in Bot. Mag., t. 3516 ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 78 ; Gray, Gen. 111., t. 61. Witchita Mountains to the boun- dary of the Choctaw Nation ; fl. May 31 — June 4. CAPPARIDACEiE. Polanisia graveolens, Raf. ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 123, and Suppl., p. 669. Witchita Mountains ; fl. and fr. July 16. The pods are on a short stipe, and the seeds are more or less rough. 268 APPENDIX G. BOTANY. CARYOPHYLLACEiE. Silene Axtirrhina, Linn., Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 191. On the Main Fork of the Red River ; fl. May 8. Paronychia Jamesii, Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 170 ; Gray, PI. Fendl., p. 14. Middle Fork of Red River ; fl. May 22. PORTULACACE.E. Talinum teretifolium, Pursh, Fl. 2, p. 365 ; Gray, Gen. 111., t. 98. Mid- dle Fork of Red River ; fl. May 22, fr. July 5. MALVACE^. Malvastrum coccineum, Gray, Gen. 111., t. 121 ; PI. Fendl., p. 24. Malva coccinea, Nutt. Sida coccinea, DC. ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 235. North Fork of Red River, &c. Callirrhce involucrata, Gray, PI. Fendl., p. 15, and Gen. 111., t. 117. Malva involucrata, Torr. and Gr., Fl., p. 226. Middle Fork of Red River ; fl. May 22. C. digitata, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Phil. 2, p. 181 ; Gray, 1, c. Fort Belk- nap. LINACE^. Linum Berlandieri, Hook. Bot. Mag., t. 3480 ; En^elm. in Gray, PI. Wright. 2, p. 25. Cache creek, and Cross-timbers of the Red River ; May. L. Boottii, Plauch., in Lond. Jour. Bot 7, p. 475 ; Engelm., 1. c. Witchita Mountains -, fl. and fr. July 17. OXALIDACEwE. Oxalis violacea, Linn. ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 211. Headwaters of the Trinity River ; April 25. O. stricta, Linn. ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1. c. With the preceding. APPENDIX G. BOTANY. 269 GERANIACEiE. Geranium Carolinianum, Linn. ; Torr. and Gr., FI. 1, p. 207. Headwaters of the Trinity, and on Cache creek ; April — May. ZANTHOXYLACEjE. Ptelea trifoliata, Linn. ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 215 ; $ mollis. Torr. and Gr., Fl. ], Suppl., p. 680. Common on the headwaters of the Red River; fr. June 16. ANACARDIACEiE. Rhus trilobata, Nutt., in Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 218; Gray PI. Fend]., p. 28. On the Middle and North Forks of the Red river: in fruit June 1-16. R. Toxicodendron, Linn. ; Torr. and Gr., 1. c. With the preceding in fruit only. VITACEiE. Vitis rupertris, Scheele, in Linnsea, 21, p. 591 ; Gray, PI. Lindh., 2, p. 165. Witchita Mountains ; abundant. The fruit was immature, but had at- tained nearly its full size in the middle of July. They are said to be ripe in August, when they are about the size of large peas, of a deep purple color, and agreeable to the taste. This species much resembles the summer grape of the Atlantic States. SAPINDACEvE. Sapindus marginatus, Willd. ; Torr. and Gray, Fl. 1, 255 ; Gray, Gen. 111., 2, t. 180. Main Fork of Red River. This is generally known in Texas and Arkansas by the name of Wild China. It is a tree, and attains the height of 20 feet, with a trunk 10 inches in dia- meter. The wood is of a yellow color. POLY GAL ACEiE. Polygala alba, Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 87 ; Gray, PI. Wright. 1, p. 38. P. Bey- richii, Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 670. On Suydam Creek, North Fork of Rec. River ; fl. June 6. 270 APPENDIX G- BOTANY. / P. incarnata, Linn ; Torr. and Gr. 1, p. 129. Tributaries of the Washita River ; fl, and fr. July 23. This species has not hitherto been found so far west. KRAMERIACEjE, Krameria lakceolata, Torr., in Ann. Lye. N. York, 2 p. 168 ; Gray, Gen. ill., 2, t. 185. Headwaters of the Trinity, and on the Middle Fork of the Red River ; fl. May 4-22. LEGUMINOSJE. Vicia micrantha, Nutt., in Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 271. Cache Creek and Middle Fork of Red River : fl. and fr. May 16-22. Rhtnchosia TOMEVTosA,"var. volubilis, Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 285. Tribu- taries of the Washita River ; fl. July 26. Tephrosia Virgimana, Pers. ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 295. Witchita Mountains and upper waters of Red River ; fl. June 4, fr. July 23. Glycyrrhizalepidota, Nutt., Gen. 2, p. 106 ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 298. Main and North Forks of the Red River ; fl. June 6, fr. June 26. Indigofera leptosepala, Nutt., in Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 298. With the preceding ; fl. May 26-June 6. Psoralea esculenta, Pursh, Fl. 2, p. 475, t. 22. Mouth of Cache Creek and Witchita Mountains ; May. P. Argophtlla, Pursh, Fl. 2, p. 475 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.— Am. 2, p. 136, t. 53. North and Middle Forks of Red River ; fl. May 26-31. P. floribunda, Nutt. , in Torr. and Gr., Fl 1, p. 300. Sources of the Red River ; fl. June 2-9. Petalostemon violacecm, Michx., Fl. 2, p. 50, t. 37, f. 2 ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 310. With the preceding ; June 2-7. Petalostemon- gracile, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Phil. 7, p. 92: Torr. and Gr.. Fl. 1, p. 309. Cache Creek ; May 18. P. multiflorum, Nutt., 1. c. : Torr. and Gr., 1. c. On the Witchita Mount- ains ; fl. and fr. July 15. APPENDIX G. BOTANY. 271 Petalostemon villosum, Nutt., Gen. 2, p. 85 ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 310. Cache creek ; June 14 ; flowers not yet expanded. Dalcba aurea, Nutt., Gen. 2, p. 101 ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 308 ; Gray, PI. Wright 2, p. 41 . Main Fork of Red River ; fl. July 5. D. lanata, Spreng. Syst. 3, p. 327. D. lanuginosa, Nutt., in Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 307. Big Witchita and on the Main Fork of the Red River ; fl. June 27. D. laxiflora, Pursh, Fl. 2, p. 741 ; Nutt., Gen. 2, p. 101 ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 307. D. pencillata, Moricand, PI. Nouv. Amer., t. 45. Common on all the upper waters of the Red River ; May-July. Amorpha canescens, Nutt., Gen. 2, p. 92; Ton-, and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 306. Witchita Mountains ; fl. May 30. Astragalus Nuttallianus, DC. Prodr. 2, p. 289 ; Torr. and Gr. 2, p. 234, Upper waters of the Red River ; fl. and fr. May 5. The flowers are larger than usual in this species. A. caryocarpus, Ker. Bot. Reg., t. 176 ; Torr. and Gr. Fl. 1, p. 331. Head- waters of the Trinity. May 2 ; in flower only. Oxytropis Lamberti, Pursh, Fl. 2, p. 740; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 339. With the preceding ; fl. in May. Desmodium sessilifolium, Torr. and Gr. 1, p. 363. Witchita Mountains. The specimens of this plant collected by Captain Marcy are in a state of remark- able fasciaiion. The branches of the panicle are coalesced (sometimes almost to the su#imit) into a broad flat mass, which is covered with sessile flowers and fruit. Clitoria Mariana, Linn. ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 290 ; Torr., Fl, N. York r 1, p. 163, t. 24. On the Washita ; fl. July 27. Baptisia australis, R. Br. ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 385. Sources of the Red River ; fl. and fr. June 6-10. B. leucoph^a, Nutt., Gen. 1, p, 282 ; Torr. and Gr. 1. c. Common on the upper tributaries of the Red River ; fl. April, fr. May. Hoffmanseggia Jamesh, Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 293 ; Gray, PI. Lindh. 2, p. 178. With the preceding ; fl. and fr. June 14-24. 272 APPENDIX G. BOTANY. Cassia Cham.ecrista, Linn. , Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 395. Tributaries of the Washita ; fl. July 22. Schrankia uncinata, Willd. ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 400. Mouth of Medicine River, &c. : fl. April. Acacia lutea, Leavenw. ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 403. On the Witchita Mountains ; fl. and fr. July 14. The leaves are remarkably sensitive. ROSACEiE. Sangdisorba annua, Nutt., in Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 429. Poterium an- nuum, Hook. Fl. Bor. — Am. 1, p. 198. ONAGRACEiE. CEnothera rhombipetala, Nutt., in Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 493; Kunze, in Linnasa, 20, p. 55. Main Fork of Red River ; fl. June 24. CE. sinuata, Linn. ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 294. Witchita Mountains and upper tributaries of Red River ; May-June. CE. speciosa, Nutt., in Jour. Acad. Phil. 2, p. 119 : Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1. c. Big Witchita ; fl. May 8. Middle Fork of the Red River ; fr. June 21. CE. lavanduljefolia, Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 501 ; Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6, p. 223 ; Gray, PI. Wright. 1, p. 72. Big Witchita and North Fork of Red River ; fl. May 8, fr. June 6. The leaves in all our specimens of this rare spe- cies are nearly glabrous, about one inch and a half long, and 2-3 Imes wide, with the apex rather acute. The fruit is well described by Hooker, (1. c.) CE. serulata, Nutt., Gen. 1, p. 246; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 501. Com- mon on the upper tributaries of the Red River ; May- June. Gadra coccinea, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 249 ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 518. North Fork of Red River ; fl. June 6. G. villosa, Torr. Ann. Lye. N. York, 2, p. 200; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 518 ; Gray, PI. Wright. 1, p. 73. Witchita Mountains ; fr. July 14. The ripe fruit is not always reflexed. It is (including the stripe) about 7 lines long, ovate, strongly tetraquetrous, abruptly contracted at the base, and 2-4-6eeded ; the seeds more or less imbricated. APPENDIX G. — BOTANY. 273 LOASACEjE. Mentzelia otjda, Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 535 ; Gray, PI. Fend]., p. 47, and PI. Wright. 1, p. 73 ; Bartonia nuda, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 297. Witchita Mount- ains ; fl. June 22. CUCURBITACEiE. Cccurbita perennis, Gray, PI. Lindh. 2, p. 193 ; and Wright. PI. 2, p. 60. Cfoetidissima, H. B. and Kunth? Cite umis perennis, James, in Long's Exped. 2, p. 20 ; Torr. and Gr. Fl. 1, p. 543. North Fork of the Platte ; fl. June 6. Although the cultivated plant seems to be dioecious not unpleasant to the smell, Mr. Wright says, (vide Gray, 1. c.) that in a wild state it is " certainly monoe- cious, and exhales an unpleasant smell when bruised ;" so that it does not differ from the description of C.fatidissima, except that the latter is said by Kunth to be an annual, which may be a mistake. The flowers are as large as those of the common pumpkin. Sicydium, sp. nov? Fruit 1| inch in diameter, globose, sessile. Seeds | larger than in S. Lindheimeri, and more turgid. On the Main Fork of Red River; fr. July 11. GROSSULACE^. Ribes aureum, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 164 ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 552. North Fork of Red River •, fr. June 4. UMBELLIFERJE. Eryngium diffusum, Torr. in Ann. Lye. N. York, 2, p. 207 ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 603. Witchita Mountains ; fl. June 14. This rare species has not been found before, since it was first discovered by Dr. James, more than thirty years ago. It is rather doubtful whether it is diffuse, except, perhaps, when it is old. The specimens of Captain Marcy are less branched than the original one from which the description in the Flora of North America was drawn. Leptocaulis echinatus, Nutt., in DC. Prodr. 4, p. 107 ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 609. Headwaters of the Trinity ; April 2. Polyt^enia Nuttatlii, DC. Umb , p. 53, t. 13, and Prodr. 4, p. 196 ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1, p. 533. Middle Fork of Red River; fl. June 1. Witchita Mountains ; fr. July 16. 18 274 APPENDIX G. — BOTANY. Eurytjenia Texana, Torr. and Gr., Fl. 1. p. 633. Main Fork of Red River ; fr. June 11. This plant has hitherto been found only by the late Mr. Drummond, who discovered it in Texas more than twenty years ago. It is an annual, about two feet high ; the fine striae of the stern and branches are rough- ened upward, with minute points. The umbels are compound and spreading. Flowers minute. Petals white, broadly orbicular, waved on the margin, deeply emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit about one-third larger than in Drum- mond 's Texan specimen. RUBIACE^. Oldenlandia angustifolia, Gray, PI. Wright. 2, p. 68. Houstonia angus- tifolia, Mich. Fl. 1, p. 85 ; Hedyotis stenophylla, Torr. and Gr., Fl. 2, p. 41. Tributaries of the Main Fork of Red River ; fl. May— June. VALERIANCEJE. Fedia radiata, 0. leiocarpa, Torr. and Gr., Fl. 2, p. 52. Upper Red River. COMPOSITE. Liatris sqcarrosa, Willd. ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 2, p. 68 ; Sweet Fl. Gard., t. 44. Tributaries of the Washita River ; fl. July 22—24. L. acidota, Engelm. and Gray, PI. Lindh., p. 10 ; Gray PI. Wright. 1, p. 83. L. mucronala, Torr. and Gr., Fl. 2, p. 70 ; not of DC. On the Wa- shita ; July 27. Solidago ODORi, Nutt. ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 2, p. 219. Witchita Moun- tains ; July 16. S. Missouriensis, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7, p. 32, and Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (n. ser.) 7, p. 327 ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 2) p. 222. With the prece- ding. Artemisa filifolia, Torr. in Ann. Lye. N. York, 2, p. 211 ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 2, 417. Upper tributaries of the Red River ; May. An abundant shrub, of a grayish white aspect, with numerous branches, and crowded, slender leaves. This is one of the numerous species called sage by the hunters. It is found from the plains of the Upper Missouri to the Valley of the Rio Grande, and west to the Colorado. APPENDIX G. — BOTANY. 275 Achillea millefolium, Linn. ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 2, p. 409. With the preceding. It is the woolly form that almost exclusively occurs west of the Mississippi. Zinnia grandiflora, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (n. ser.) 7, p. 348 ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 2, p. 298 ; Torr. in Emory's Rep., t. 4, Gray, PI. Fendl., p. 81. Main Fork of Red River ; fl. July 2. Riddellia tagetina, Nutt. 1. c, p. 371 ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 2, p. 362; Torr. in Emory's Rep., t. 5 ; Gray, PI. Fendl. p. 93. Main Fork of Red River ; June 25 — July 8. The pappus is more hyaline and acute than in speci- mens from other localities in my herbarium. It is also slightly lacerate at the tip, showing something of a transition to R. arachnoidea. The leaves, too, are more woolly and broader than in the more common form of the plant. Rudbeckia hirta, Linn. ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 2, p. 307. Witchita Mountains ; fl. June 1. Is R. bicolor distinct from this species? Dr. Gray re- marks, (Plant. Lindh. 2. p. 227,) that in cultivation, the purple brown of the rays is commonly obsolete or wanting in all the later heads. Echinacea angustifolia, DC. Prodr. 5, p. 554 ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 2, p. 306. Witchita Mountains ; June 1. Lepachys columnaris, Torr. and Gr., Fl. 2, p. 315. Rudbeckia columnaris, Pursh, Fl. 2, p. 575. Common on all the tributaries of the Red River ; June. Helianthcs petiolaris, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 2, p. 115 ; Sweet Brit. Fl. Gard. (n. ser.) t. 75. With the preceding. Gaillardia pulchella, Foug. ; DC. Prodr. 5, p. 652 ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 2, p. 366. Common on the upper tributaries of the Red River ; May — June. Palafoxia callosa, Torr. and Gr., Fl. 2, p. 369. Stevia callosa, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 2, p. 121 ; Bart. Fl. Amer. Sept., t. 46. /S/oUis latiortbus . Tributaries of the Washita ; June. Hymenopappus cortmbosus, Torr. and Gr., Fl. 2, p. 372. H. Engdmanni- anus, Kunth. 276 APPENDIX G. — BOTANY. Actinella linearifolia, Toit. and Gr., Fl. 2, p. 383. Hymenoxys lineari- folia', Hook. Witchita mountains ; May 30. Marshallia caespitosa, Nutt. in DC. Prodr. 5, p. 680 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3704 ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 2, p. 391. Headwaters of the Trinity river ; May. Aphanostephus ramosissimus, DC. Prodr. 5, p. 310 ; Gray, PI. Wright. 1, p. 93. Ji. Riddellii, Torr. and Gr. Fl. 2, p. 189. Egletes ramosissima, Gray, PI. Fendl., p. 71. Little "Witchita and upper tributaries of Red River ; May — June. The tube of the disk flowers is indurated in all the specimens. Engelmannia pinnatifida, Torr. and Gr., in Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (n. ser.) 7, p. 343 ; and Fl. 2, p. 283. Witchita Mountains ; May 30. Melampodium cinereum, DC. Prodr. 5, p. 518 ; Gray, PI. Fendl., p. 78; M ramosissimum, DC. 1. c, Torr. and Gr. Fl. 2, p. 271. M. lencanthim, Torr. and Gr. 1. c. Cache Creek ; June 21. A variable species. Chrysopsis canescens, Torr. and Gr., Fl. 2, p. 256 ; Gray, PI. Fendl., p. 77. Main Fork of Red River ; July 8. C. hispida, Hook. Fl. Bor.— Am. 2, p. 22, (under Diplopappus ;) DC. Prodr. 7, p. 279 ; Torr. and Gr. 1. c. Centaurea Americana, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Phil. 2, p. 117 ; Bart. Fl. Amer.— Sept., t. 50 ; Torr. and Gray, Fl. 2, p. 453. Tributaries of the upper Red River ; June — July. Cirsium undulatum, Spreng. ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 2, p. 456. With the pre- ceding. Ptrrhopappus Carolinianus, DC. Prodr. 7. p. 144 ; Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil Soc. (n. ser.) 7, p. 430. Headwaters of the Trinity and on Cache Creek ; May. Lygodesmia juncea, Don.; Hook. Fl. Bor. — Am. 2, p. 295, t. 103; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 2, p. 484. Upper tributaries of the Red River; June. The lower branches are covered at the base with tubers or galls, about the size of cherry- stones, produced by the stings of insects. APPENDIX G. BOTANY. 277 L. aphylla, DC. Prodr. 7, p. 198 ; Torr. and Gr., Fl. 2, p. 485. /S Texana, Torr. and Gr. 1. c. North Fork of Red River ; June 16. The numerous radi- cal leaves are 3-4 inches long, runcinately pinnatifid. Achenia angular, dis- tinctly tapering upward. ASCLEPIADACE^. Ascelpias tuberosa, Linn.; Michx Fl. 1, p. 117 ; Sweet. Brit. Fl. Gard., (ser. 2,) t, 24 ; Decaisne, in DC. Prodr. 8, p. 567. Torr. Fl. N. York, 2, p. 123. Upper tributaries of Red River ; May — June, The leaves vary from ovate and amplexicaul to narrowly linear. A. speciosa, Torr. in Ann. Lye. 2, p. 218, and in Fremont's First Rep., p. 95. A. Douglasii, Hook. Fl. Bor.— Am. 2, p. 53, t. 142 ; Decaisne, 1. c. Witchita Mountains to the upper tributaries of the Red River ; fl. June — July ; flowers larger than in any other North American species of Asclepias. Acerates panictjlata, Decaisne, L c. p. 521 ; Asclepias viridis, Walt,, Fl. Carol, p. 107? Anantherix paniculatus, Nutt., in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (n. ser.) 5, p. 202, Cache Creek and Middle Fork of Red River, fl. May 16, fr. June. A. decumbens, Decaisne, 1. c. JJnantherix decumbens, Nutt. 1. c. Cache Creek -, fl. May 17. The follicles oblong, not muricate. A. angustifolia, Decaisne, 1, c Polyotus angustifolius, Nutt, 1. c. Branch of Cache Creek ; fl. May 17, A. viridiflora, Ell. sk. 1, p. 317 ; Torr. Fl. N. York, 2, p. 124 ; Decaisne, 1. c. Asclepias viridiflora, Pursh. Fl. 1, p. 181 ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2, p. 53, t. 143. North Fork of Red River ; fl. June 4. The specimens collected by Cap- tain Marcy belong to the broad-leaved forms of the plant. Enslenia albida-, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 164, and in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (n. ser.) 5, p. 203 ; Decaisne, in DC, Prodr, 8, p, 518. Main Fork of Red River ; not in flower. APOCYNACEJE. Apoctvum cannabinum, Linn. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. — Amer. 2, p. 51, t. 139 ; Decaisne, in DC. Prodr. 8, p. 439 ; Torr. Fl. New York, 2, p.—. Common on, the upper tributaries of Red River ; May— June. 278 APPENDIX G. — BOTANY. Amsonia salicifolia, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 184 ; Decaisne, in DC. Prodr. 8, p, 385. Witchita Mountains ; fr. July 16. This is perhaps only a variety of A. angustifolia, Micks., and both may not be specifically distinct from A. tabernas- montana. GENTIANAGrE. Sabbatia campestris, Nutt, in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (n. ser.) 5, p. 167 ; Griseb., in DC. Prodr. 9, p. 50 ; Engelm. and Gr., PI. Lindh. 1, p. 15. On the Washita ; fl. and fr. July 27. Erythr^ea Beyrichii, Torr. and Gr., Fl. 2, ined. E. trichantha ft. angusti- folia, Griseb. 1. c. With the preceding ; fl. and fr. July 26. Eustoma Russelianum, Don. ; Griseb. in DC. Prodr. 8, p. 51. Lisianthus glaucifolius, Nutt. 1. c. L. Russelianus, Hook. Bot. Mag., t. 3626. Washita River to the upper tributaries of the Red River ; July. CONVOLVULACKE. Evolvulus pilosus, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 174, (as a synonym) ; Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (n. ser.) 5, p. 195. E. argenteus, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 187 ; Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 9, p. 443 ; not of R. Br. Middle Fork of Red River ; fl. May 22. Choisy doubtingly refers Brown's plant to E. hirsutus, Lam., and therefore has adopted Pursh 's name. Convolvulus lobatus, Engelm., and Gray, PI. Lindh. 1, p. 44 (in a note.) C. hastatus, Nutt.. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc (n. ser.) 5, p. 194 ; not of Thunb. C. Nuttallii, Torr. in Emory's Rep., p. 149. Middle Fork of Red River ; May 22 — June 6. This species has much the appearance of C. althtzoides, Boss. C. (Ipomcea) leptophyllus, Torr., in Frem. First Report, p. 94, and in Emory's Report, p. 148, t. 11. With the preceding. C. (Ipomcea) shumardianus, (sp. nov. ;) caule gracili subpubescente ; foliis ovato-lanceolatis sursum angustatis basi acutis ; pedunculis petiolas longioribus sepalis ovatis obtusis. Witchita Mountains ; fl. July 17 ; flowers as large as in C. panduratus, which the plant much resembles, but differs in the form of the leaves, and in the broader and more obtuse sepals. Named in honor of Dr. G. C. Shumard, the botanical collector of the expedition. APPENDIX G. BOTANY. 279 SOLANACE^. Solanum flavidum, Torr. Ann. Lye. New York, 2, p. 227 ; Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13, p. 375. Cache Creek ; May. This species is not suffrutescent, as is stated in the original description, but probably annual. Mr. Wright found it on the Rio Grande. The prickles are sometimes almost wanting. S. Carolinense, Linn. ; Torr., Fl. N. York 2, p. 105; Dunal, 1. •., p. 305. Witchita Mountains and upper tributaries of the Red River ; May- June. Physalis pumila, Nutt., in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (n. ser.) 5, p. 193. "With the preceding ; May-June. This species has been overlooked by Dunal in DC. Prodr. SCROPHULARIACEiE. Castilleja purpurea, G. Don. ; Benth., in DC. Prodr. 10, p. 531. Euchro- ma purpurea, Nutt., 1. c, p. 180. Sources of the Trinity River ; May. Penstemon grandiflorus, Nutt., in Fras. Cat. 1813, and Gen. 2, p. 53 ; Benth., 1. c, p. 322. P. Bradburii, Pursh, Fl. 2, p. 738. North Fork of Red River ; fl. June 3. The pedicels vary from three lines to nearly an inch in length. P. ambigcus, Torr., in Ann. Lye. N. York, 2, p. 228 ; Benth., 1. c, p. 321. Witchita Mountains; June. This rare and well characterized species has lately been found by Mr. Wright on the upper Rio Grande. P. Cobjea, Nutt., 1. c. ; Hook. Bot. Mag., t. 3465 ; Benth., 1. c , p. 326. Upper tributaries of the Red River ; May- June. P. pubescens, Soland. ; Torr., Fl. N. York, 2, p. 35 ; Benth., 1. c. Head- waters of the Trinity. Smoothish, with narrower and more entire leaves than usual. Gerardia grandiflora, Benth., Comp. Bot. Mag., 1, p. 206. Dasystomu Drummondi, Benth., in DC. Prodr. 10, p. 521. On the Washita ; fl. July 27. 280 APPENDIX G. BOTANY. LABIATE. Monarda aristata, Nutt., in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (n. ser.) 5, p. 186; Benth., in DC. Prodr. 12, p. 363. Main Fork of Red River ; May 24-25. Nut- tall says that this species is sometimes perennial ; but all our specimens seem to be annual. A variety was found on Cache Creek, in which the teeth of the calyx are aristate from a broad base, and strongly hispid-ciliate. The corolla is not spotted, as in the ordinary form. M. punctata, Linn. ; Benth., 1. c. ; Torr., Fl. N. York, 2, p. 59. M. lutea, Michx., Fl. 1, p. 16. North and Middle Forks of Red River ; May-June. A dwarfish and annual form, in which the corolla is scarcely spotted, was found in the same region. Teucrium Cubense, Linn.; Benth., in DC. Prodr. 12, p. 578. T.lacinia- tum, Torr., in Ann. Lye. New York, 2, p. 231. Cache creek and Middle Fork of Red River ; May. This species was incorrectly described by me as "fruiti- culose " in the work quoted. Scutellaria resinosa, Torr., in Ann. Lye. N. York, 2, p. 232 ; Benth., in DC. Prodr. 12, p. 427. Cache Creek and Sweetwater Creek ; May 18-June 9. S. parvula, Michx., Fl. l,p. 12; Benth., 1. c: Torr., Fl.N. York,2,p.7L S. ambigua, Nutt., Gen. 2, p. 37. VERBENACEJE. Lippia cuneifolia, Torr., in Ann. Lye. N. York, 2, p. 234, (under Zapa- nia.) Witchita Mountains, and on the Washita ; June 1-27. Schauer has overlooked this species, in his revision of Verbenacece for DC. Prodr. Verbena bipivnatifida, Engelm. and Gray, PI. Lindh. 1, p. 49 ; Schauer? in DC. Prodr. 11, p. 553. Glandularia bipinnatifida, Nutt., in Jour. Acad. Phil. 2, p. 123, and in Amer. Phil. Trans, (n. ser.) 5, p. 184. Sources of the Trinity and upper tributaries of Red River ; May-June. BORAGINACEiE. Euploca convolvulacea, Nutt., in Amer. Phil. Trans, (n. ser.) 5, p. 190 ; DC. Prodr. 9, p. 559. Middle Fork of Red River ; fl. June 23. I am now con- vinced that my E. grandiflora (Emory's Report, p. 147) is an unusually large- flowered state of the present species. The plant is abundant on the Upper Rio Grande. APPENDIX G. BOTANY. 281 Eritrichium Jamesh. Myosotis suffruticosa, Torr., in Ann. Lye. N. York, 2, p. 225 ; DC. Prodr. 10, p. 114. North Fork of Red River ; fl. and fr. June 14. This plant had not been found, till Captain Marcy collected it, since it was dis- covered by Dr. James, in Long's Expedition. It is a genuine Eritrichium, but can hardly be referred to any one of De Candolle's sections of that genus. My description (1. c.) was drawn from old and imperfect specimens, the stems of which we